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Nanomaterials
Volume 15
Issue 23
10.3390/nano15231815
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Design of Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Adsorptive Desulfurization: Synergistic Modulation via π-π Interactions and Mesopores

by
Tiantian Li
1,
Xiaowen Li
1,
Hao Wu
1,
Guangxia Shi
1,
Yizhi Zeng
2,*,
Dong Xu
3,* and
Dingming Xue
3,*
1
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou 221140, China
2
Xi’an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi’an 710025, China
3
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(23), 1815; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231815 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 November 2025 / Revised: 26 November 2025 / Accepted: 29 November 2025 / Published: 30 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Porous Nanomaterials and Green Environment Applications)
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Abstract

The elimination of thiophenic sulfides from fuel oils is essential for both environmental protection and industrial catalysis. However, conventional hydrodesulfurization encounters difficulties due to severe operating conditions and limited efficacy against aromatic heterocyclic sulfur compounds. Adsorptive desulfurization offers notable advantages under milder conditions. In this investigation, topology-guided pore engineering was utilized to fabricate porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) with distinct pore structures through Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. Notably, PBPAF-2, despite its lower specific surface, demonstrates significantly improved mass transfer kinetics attributed to its unique mesoporous channel (2.13 nm), resulting in notably prolonged dynamic breakthrough retention times compared to other materials in the series. Analysis using synchrotron-assisted FT-IR spectroscopy reveals a blue-shift in benzene ring characteristic peaks following adsorption of dibenzothiophene and benzothiophene, indicating that π-π interactions between electron-rich aromatic rings in PAFs and thiophenic rings are the primary driving force for adsorption. This work proposes a dual-factor synergistic design strategy of “mass transfer optimization–electron cloud matching”, offering a new strategy for the development of highly efficient adsorbents.
Keywords: porous aromatic frameworks; adsorptive desulfurization; π-π interactions; mesopore effect; thiophenic sulfides porous aromatic frameworks; adsorptive desulfurization; π-π interactions; mesopore effect; thiophenic sulfides
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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, T.; Li, X.; Wu, H.; Shi, G.; Zeng, Y.; Xu, D.; Xue, D. Design of Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Adsorptive Desulfurization: Synergistic Modulation via π-π Interactions and Mesopores. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231815

AMA Style

Li T, Li X, Wu H, Shi G, Zeng Y, Xu D, Xue D. Design of Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Adsorptive Desulfurization: Synergistic Modulation via π-π Interactions and Mesopores. Nanomaterials. 2025; 15(23):1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231815

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Tiantian, Xiaowen Li, Hao Wu, Guangxia Shi, Yizhi Zeng, Dong Xu, and Dingming Xue. 2025. "Design of Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Adsorptive Desulfurization: Synergistic Modulation via π-π Interactions and Mesopores" Nanomaterials 15, no. 23: 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231815

APA Style

Li, T., Li, X., Wu, H., Shi, G., Zeng, Y., Xu, D., & Xue, D. (2025). Design of Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Adsorptive Desulfurization: Synergistic Modulation via π-π Interactions and Mesopores. Nanomaterials, 15(23), 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15231815

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