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Article

Fiber Optic Micro-Hole Salinity Sensor Based on Femtosecond Laser Processing

by
Chen Li
1,2,3,*,
Chao Fan
1,
Hao Wu
1,3,
Xxx Sedao
4,* and
Jiang Wang
5
1
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
2
College of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
3
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, China
4
Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR CNRS 5516, Université de Lyon, 92 Rue Pasteur, CS 30122, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07, France
5
School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15010060
Submission received: 12 December 2024 / Revised: 30 December 2024 / Accepted: 1 January 2025 / Published: 2 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Lasers in Nanosystems)

Abstract

This study presents a novel reflective fiber Fabry–Perot (F–P) salinity sensor. The sensor employs a femtosecond laser to fabricate an open liquid cavity, facilitating the unobstructed ingress and egress of the liquid, thereby enabling the direct involvement of the liquid in light transmission. Variations in the refractive index of the liquid induce corresponding changes in the effective refractive index of the optical path, which subsequently influences the output spectrum. The dimensions and quality of the optical fiber are meticulously regulated through a combination of femtosecond laser cutting and chemical polishing, significantly enhancing the mechanical strength and sensitivity of the sensor’s overall structure. Experimental results indicate that the sensor achieves salinity sensitivity of 0.288 nm/% within a salinity range of 0% to 25%. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity is measured at a minimal 0.015 nm/°C, allowing us to neglect temperature effects. The device is characterized by its compact size, straightforward structure, high mechanical robustness, ease of production, and excellent reproducibility. It demonstrates considerable potential for sensing applications in the domains of biomedicine and chemical engineering.
Keywords: femtosecond laser; Fabry–Perot; micro-hole femtosecond laser; Fabry–Perot; micro-hole
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, C.; Fan, C.; Wu, H.; Sedao, X.; Wang, J. Fiber Optic Micro-Hole Salinity Sensor Based on Femtosecond Laser Processing. Nanomaterials 2025, 15, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15010060

AMA Style

Li C, Fan C, Wu H, Sedao X, Wang J. Fiber Optic Micro-Hole Salinity Sensor Based on Femtosecond Laser Processing. Nanomaterials. 2025; 15(1):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15010060

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Chen, Chao Fan, Hao Wu, Xxx Sedao, and Jiang Wang. 2025. "Fiber Optic Micro-Hole Salinity Sensor Based on Femtosecond Laser Processing" Nanomaterials 15, no. 1: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15010060

APA Style

Li, C., Fan, C., Wu, H., Sedao, X., & Wang, J. (2025). Fiber Optic Micro-Hole Salinity Sensor Based on Femtosecond Laser Processing. Nanomaterials, 15(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15010060

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