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Article

Functionalized Biochars as Supports for Ru/C Catalysts: Tunable and Efficient Materials for γ-Valerolactone Production

by
Charf Eddine Bounoukta
1,2,
Cristina Megías-Sayago
1,
Juan Carlos Navarro
1,
Fatima Ammari
2,
Svetlana Ivanova
1,*,
Miguel Ángel Centeno
1 and
Jose Antonio Odriozola
1
1
Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
2
Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques-LGPC, Département de Génie des Procéés, Faculté de Technologie, Université FERHAT ABBAS SETIF-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1129; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061129
Submission received: 27 February 2023 / Revised: 19 March 2023 / Accepted: 20 March 2023 / Published: 22 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Porous Nanomaterials in Energy Storage and Catalysis)
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Abstract

Cotton stalks-based biochars were prepared and used to synthetize Ru-supported catalysts for selective production of γ-valerolactone from levulinic acid in aqueous media. Different biochars’ pre-treatments (HNO3, ZnCl2, CO2 or a combination of them) were carried out to activate the final carbonaceous support. Nitric acid treatment resulted in microporous biochars with high surface area, whereas the chemical activation with ZnCl2 substantially increases the mesoporous surface. The combination of both treatments led to a support with exceptional textural properties allowing the preparation of Ru/C catalyst with 1422 m2/g surface area, 1210 m2/g of it being a mesoporous surface. The impact of the biochars’ pre-treatments on the catalytic performance of Ru-based catalysts is fully discussed.
Keywords: GVL; levulinic acid; Ru based catalysts; biochar; carbonaceous materials; textural properties GVL; levulinic acid; Ru based catalysts; biochar; carbonaceous materials; textural properties
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bounoukta, C.E.; Megías-Sayago, C.; Navarro, J.C.; Ammari, F.; Ivanova, S.; Centeno, M.Á.; Odriozola, J.A. Functionalized Biochars as Supports for Ru/C Catalysts: Tunable and Efficient Materials for γ-Valerolactone Production. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061129

AMA Style

Bounoukta CE, Megías-Sayago C, Navarro JC, Ammari F, Ivanova S, Centeno MÁ, Odriozola JA. Functionalized Biochars as Supports for Ru/C Catalysts: Tunable and Efficient Materials for γ-Valerolactone Production. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(6):1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061129

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bounoukta, Charf Eddine, Cristina Megías-Sayago, Juan Carlos Navarro, Fatima Ammari, Svetlana Ivanova, Miguel Ángel Centeno, and Jose Antonio Odriozola. 2023. "Functionalized Biochars as Supports for Ru/C Catalysts: Tunable and Efficient Materials for γ-Valerolactone Production" Nanomaterials 13, no. 6: 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061129

APA Style

Bounoukta, C. E., Megías-Sayago, C., Navarro, J. C., Ammari, F., Ivanova, S., Centeno, M. Á., & Odriozola, J. A. (2023). Functionalized Biochars as Supports for Ru/C Catalysts: Tunable and Efficient Materials for γ-Valerolactone Production. Nanomaterials, 13(6), 1129. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061129

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