LDH-TiO2 Composite for Selenocyanate (SeCN−) Photocatalytic Degradation: Characterization, Treatment Efficiency, Reaction Intermediates and Modeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis and Characterization
2.3. Photocatalytic Degradation (PCD) Experiments
2.4. Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
3. Results
3.1. LDH and LDH-TiO2 Matrix Characterization
3.2. Selenocyanate Photocatalytic Degradation Using LDH:TiO2 Matrix
3.3. RSM Modeling of Photocatalytic Degradation Process
A | = | LDH:TiO2 ratio (0.5:1.5); |
B | = | adsorbent dosage (1:2 g/L); |
C | = | selenocyanate concentration (2.5 to 7.5 mg/L); |
Residual SeO42− | = | residual concentration of selenate in solution after 6 h of UV irradiation (mg/L); |
TSR | = | selenocyanate removal efficiency expressed as total selenium removed (%). |
3.4. Optimization of the Photocatalytic Degradation Process
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | Level −1 | Level 0 | Level 1 |
---|---|---|---|
A (w/w ratio of LDH:TiO2 matrix) | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 |
B (dosage of LDH:TiO2 matrix (g/L)) | 1.0 | 1.50 | 2.0 |
C (selenocyanate (mg/L)) | 2.50 | 5.0 | 7.50 |
Exp No. | LDH:TiO2 Ratio | Dosage (g/L) | SeCN− (mg/L) | Residual SeO42− (mg/L) | Total Selenium Removal (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 1.5 | 5 | 0.63 | 90.2 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 0.15 | 98 |
3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1.94 | 71.4 |
4 | 1 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 1.86 | 82.7 |
5 | 1.5 | 2 | 7.5 | 0.07 | 99.3 |
6 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 0 | ~100 |
7 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 5 | 2.6 | 63 |
8 | 1.5 | 1 | 7.5 | 0.96 | 90.8 |
9 | 0.5 | 1 | 7.5 | 5.69 | 46.8 |
10 | 1.5 | 1 | 2.5 | 0 | ~100 |
11 | 0.5 | 1 | 2.5 | 1.11 | 67.7 |
12 | 1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0 | ~100 |
13 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 5 | 0 | ~100 |
14 | 0.5 | 2 | 7.5 | 3.43 | 67.6 |
15 | 0.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 0.25 | 92.8 |
Element | Weight% | Atomic% | Mg/Al Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
C | 5.56 | 7.9 | - |
N | 5.27 | 6.4 | - |
O | 64.57 | 68.9 | - |
Mg | 18.55 | 13.0 | 3.4 |
Al | 6.05 | 3.8 | |
Totals | 100.00 | - | - |
Models | Significance Values for the Model Terms | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | A: L:T Ratio | B: Dosage | C: SeCN− | AB | AC | BC | A2 | B2 | C2 | |
RS | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | 0.021 | <0.0001 | 0.0187 | 0.0115 | -- | -- |
TS | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.0017 | 0.0035 | 0.0468 | 0.0512 | -- |
Statistic | RS Model | TS Model |
---|---|---|
R2 | 0.9868 | 0.9917 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.9736 | 0.9806 |
Predicted R2 | 0.9265 | 0.9188 |
Adequate Precision | 29.99 | 34.46 |
Name | Goal | Lower Limit | Upper Limit |
---|---|---|---|
A: LDH:TiO2 | within range | 0.5 | 1.5 |
B:Dose (g/L) | Reduce | 1 | 2 |
C: Selenocyanate (mg/L) | 7.5 | 2.5 | 7.5 |
Selenate remaining (mg/L) | reduce | 0 | 5.7 |
Removal of selenate (percentage) | increase | 47 | 100 |
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Hussaini, M.; Vohra, M. LDH-TiO2 Composite for Selenocyanate (SeCN−) Photocatalytic Degradation: Characterization, Treatment Efficiency, Reaction Intermediates and Modeling. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122035
Hussaini M, Vohra M. LDH-TiO2 Composite for Selenocyanate (SeCN−) Photocatalytic Degradation: Characterization, Treatment Efficiency, Reaction Intermediates and Modeling. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(12):2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122035
Chicago/Turabian StyleHussaini, Minaam, and Muhammad Vohra. 2022. "LDH-TiO2 Composite for Selenocyanate (SeCN−) Photocatalytic Degradation: Characterization, Treatment Efficiency, Reaction Intermediates and Modeling" Nanomaterials 12, no. 12: 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12122035