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Nanomaterials
Volume 12
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10.3390/nano12010176
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Article

Lignin Nanoparticles and Alginate Gel Beads: Preparation, Characterization and Removal of Methylene Blue

by
Tong Luo
1,
Yanping Hao
1,
Chao Wang
1,*,
Weikun Jiang
1,
Xingxiang Ji
1,
Guihua Yang
1,
Jiachuan Chen
1,
Srinivas Janaswamy
2,* and
Gaojin Lyu
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
2
Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(1), 176; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010176
Submission received: 18 November 2021 / Revised: 22 December 2021 / Accepted: 30 December 2021 / Published: 5 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications)
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Abstract

A novel and effective green system consisting of deep eutectic solvent (DES) was proposed to prepare lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) without any lignin modification. The LNPs are obtained through the dialysis of the kraft lignin-DES solution. The particle size distribution, Zeta potential and morphology of the LNPs are characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average diameter of LNPs is in the range 123.6 to 140.7 nm, and the LNPs show good stability and dispersibility in water. The composite beads composed of LNPs and sodium alginate (SA) are highly efficient (97.1%) at removing methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution compared to 82.9% and 77.4% by the SA/bulk kraft lignin composite and pure SA, respectively. Overall, the LNPs-SA bio-nanocomposite with high adsorption capacity (258.5 mg/g) could be useful in improving water quality and other related applications.
Keywords: lignin nanoparticles; deep eutectic solvents; sodium alginate; methylene blue; adsorption kinetics lignin nanoparticles; deep eutectic solvents; sodium alginate; methylene blue; adsorption kinetics
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MDPI and ACS Style

Luo, T.; Hao, Y.; Wang, C.; Jiang, W.; Ji, X.; Yang, G.; Chen, J.; Janaswamy, S.; Lyu, G. Lignin Nanoparticles and Alginate Gel Beads: Preparation, Characterization and Removal of Methylene Blue. Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010176

AMA Style

Luo T, Hao Y, Wang C, Jiang W, Ji X, Yang G, Chen J, Janaswamy S, Lyu G. Lignin Nanoparticles and Alginate Gel Beads: Preparation, Characterization and Removal of Methylene Blue. Nanomaterials. 2022; 12(1):176. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010176

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luo, Tong, Yanping Hao, Chao Wang, Weikun Jiang, Xingxiang Ji, Guihua Yang, Jiachuan Chen, Srinivas Janaswamy, and Gaojin Lyu. 2022. "Lignin Nanoparticles and Alginate Gel Beads: Preparation, Characterization and Removal of Methylene Blue" Nanomaterials 12, no. 1: 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010176

APA Style

Luo, T., Hao, Y., Wang, C., Jiang, W., Ji, X., Yang, G., Chen, J., Janaswamy, S., & Lyu, G. (2022). Lignin Nanoparticles and Alginate Gel Beads: Preparation, Characterization and Removal of Methylene Blue. Nanomaterials, 12(1), 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12010176

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