Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Smart Sensors for the Rapid Detection of Mycotoxins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Carbon-Based Functional Nanomaterials
2.1. Antibody-Functionalized CNMs
2.2. Aptamer-Functionalized CNMs
2.3. MIPs Decorated CNMs
2.4. Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
2.4.1. Nanostructured Nobel Metal-Doped CNMs
2.4.2. CNMs Support Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
2.4.3. Others
3. CNM-Based Smart Sensor for the Detection of Mycotoxins
3.1. Smart Sensors Based on Antibodies
3.2. Smart Sensors Based on Aptamers
3.2.1. Optical Aptasensors
3.2.2. Electrochemical Aptasensors
3.3. Smart Sensors Based on MIPs
3.4. Others
4. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Materials | Method | Mycotoxin | Samples | Linear Range | LOD | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Au nanodots/rGO | layer-by-layer electrochemical deposition | AFB1 | peanut | up to 300 ppb | 6.9 pg/mL | [27] |
MWCNTs/WS2 | drop-casting | AFB1 | corn | 0.5 to 10 ng mL−1 | 68 fg mL−1 | [28] |
rGO/Au | one-pot hydrothermal | OTA | red wine | 1 pg/mL−10 ng/mL | 0.34 pg/mL | [34] |
GQDs/AuNOs | chemical conjugation | AFB1 | maize | 0.1 to 2.5 ng mL−1 | 0.11 ng mL−1 | [53] |
N-GQDs/Au@Cu-MOF | electropolymerization | patulin | apple juice | 0.001 to 70.0 ng mL−1 | 0.0007 ng mL−1 | [44] |
rGO/Ag@AgCl | in-situ synthesis | OTA | red wine | 0.05 to 300 nM | 0.01 nM | [54] |
rGO/Fe3O4NPs | in-situ synthesis | patulin | apple juice | 5 × 10−8 to 0.5 μg mL−1 | 30.4 fg mL−1 | [55] |
CQDs-Cu2O | in-situ crystallization | AFB1 | wheat flour | 3 ag mL−1–1.9 µg mL−1 | 0.9 ± 0.04 ag ml−1 | [36] |
NGQDs/ZnO | in-situ synthesis | ZEN | cereal crops | 1.0 × 10−13–1.0 × 10−7 g mL−1 | 3.3 × 10−14 g mL−1 | [57] |
rGO/MoS2 | in-situ synthesis | AFB1 | wine | 0.01 fg mL−1 to 1.0 fg mL−1 | 0.002 fg mL−1 | [61] |
CSWNTs/Au NPs | electrodeposition | T2 | swine meat | 0.01 to 100 µg L−1 | 0.13 µg L−1 | [62] |
Mycotoxin | Aptamer Sequence (5′-3′) | Materials | Method | Linear Range | LOD | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAT | GGCCCGCCAACCCGCATCATCTACACTGATATTTTACCTT | GO | colorimetric | 50–2500 pg mL−1 | 48 pg mL−1 | [76] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | SWCNTs | fluorescence | 25–200 nM | 24.1 nM | [38] |
OTA | TCCCTTTACGCCTTTTTGATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | SWCNHs | fluorescence | 10–1000 nM | 4.2 nM | [77] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | Nano-graphite | fluorescence | 2.0–50.0 μM | 20 nM | [37] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GO | fluorescence | 10–200 nM | 0.324 nM | [78] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GQDs | fluorescence | 0.01–20 ng mL−1 | 2.5 pg mL−1 | [79] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GO | fluorescence | 0.08–200 ng mL−1 | 0.08 ng mL−1 | [80] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGG | GO | FRET | 0.05–100 ng mL−1 | 20 pg mL−1 | [74] |
FB1 | ATACCAGCTTATTCAATTAATCGCATTACCTTATACCAG CTTATTCAATTACGTCTGCACATACCAGCTTATTCAATT AGATAGTAAGTGCAATCT | GO | FRET | 0.1–500 ng mL−1 | 100 pg mL−1 | [74] |
AFB1 | AAAAAAAAAAGTTGGGCACGTGTTGTCTCTCTGTGTCTCGTGCCCTTCGCTAGGCCCACA | GO | fluorescence | up to 300 ppb | 4.5 ng mL−1 | [81] |
AFB1 | GTTGGGCACGTGTTGTCTCTCTGTGTCTCGTGCCCT TCGCTAGGCCC | MWCNTs | fluorescence | 0.5–15 ng mL−1 | 20 pg mL−1 | [82] |
ZON | AGCAGCACAGAGGTCAGATGTCATCTATCTATGGTACATTACTATCTGTAATGTGATATGCCTATGCGTGCTACCGTGAA | fGO | fluorescence | 0.5–64 ng mL−1 | 0.5 ng mL−1 | [83] |
PAT | GGCCCGCCAACCCGCATCATCTACACTGATATTTTACCT | rGO-Fe3O4 | fluorescence | 0.5–30 ng mL−1 | 0.28 ng mL−1 | [84] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GO | Luminescence | 0.001–250 ng mL−1 | 1 pg mL−1 | [85] |
OTA | ATCCGTCACACCTGCTCTGACGCTGGGGTCGACCCGGAG AAATGCATTCCCCTGTGGTGTTGGCTCCCGTAT | GO-L-Ag NPs | ECL | 10–200 ng mL−1 | 0.05ng mL−1 | [86] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GO | CV | 0.15–180 nM | 1000 pM | [34] |
AFB1 | GTTGGGCACGTCTTGTCTCTCTGTGTCTCGTGCCCTTCGCTACGCCCACA | rGO | DPV | 0.5 nM–4 μM | 0.07 nM | [87] |
AFB1 | TGGGGTTTTGGTGGCGGGTGGTGTACGGGCGAGGG | FGO | DPV | 0.05–6.0 ng mL−1 | 0.05 ng mL−1 | [32] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | SWCNTs | DPV | 0–45 nM | 58 pM | [88] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GONPs | DPV | 310 fM–310 pM | 310 fM | [89] |
AFM1 | ATCCGTCACACCTGCTCTGACGCTGGGGTCGACCCGGAG AAATGCATTCCCCTGTGGTGTTGGCTCCCGTAT | GO-L-Ag NPs | ECL | 5–150 ng mL−1 | 10 pg mL−1 | [86] |
AFB1 | GTTGGGCACGTGTTGTCTCTCTGTGTCTCGTGCCCT TCGCTAGGCCCACA | erGO | PEC | 10 pg mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 2 pg mL−1 | [90] |
T2 | GTATATCAAGCATCGCGTGTTTACACATGCGAGAGGTGAA | rGO | Chronoamperometry | 10 fg mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 1.79 fg mL−1 | [91] |
FB1 | ATACCAGCTTATTCAATTAATCGCATTACCTTATACCAGCTTATTCAATTACGTCTGCACATACCAGCTTATTCAATTAGATAGTAAGTGCAATCT | GSTH | CV | 1–10−6 pg mL−1 | 1 pg m L−1 | [92] |
ZEN | TCATCTATCTATGGTACATTACTATCTGTAATGTGATATG | rGO | DPV | 0.5 pg mL−1–50 ng mL−1 | 0.105 pg mL−1 | [93] |
ZEN | TCATCTATCTATGGTACATTACTATCTGTAATGTGATATG | MWCNTs | CV | 0.5 pg mL−1–50 ng mL−1 | 0.17 pg mL−1 | [94] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | Graphene | DPV | 0.01–1000 × 10−6 ng mL−1 | 1 × 10−7 ng mL−1 | [95] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | Carboxylated graphene | DPV | 10 fmol L−1–10 nmol L−1 | 3.3 fmol L−1 | [96] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | GO | DPV | 0.01–50 ng mL−1 | 5.6 pg mL−1 (ppt) | [97] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | Au NPs–rGO | EIS | 0.001–50ng mL−1 | 0.3 pg mL−1 | [98] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | Au NPs–rGO | EIS | 0.1–200 ng mL−1 | 0.03 ng mL−1 | [99] |
OTA | GATCGGGTGTGGGTGGCGTAAAGGGAGCATCGGACA | graphene | DPV | 0.001–5 ng mL−1 | 0.13 pgmL−1 | [100] |
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Ma, X.; Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Meng, F.; Wang, X.; Qin, Y.; Zhang, M. Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Smart Sensors for the Rapid Detection of Mycotoxins. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2851. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112851
Ma X, Li X, Zhang W, Meng F, Wang X, Qin Y, Zhang M. Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Smart Sensors for the Rapid Detection of Mycotoxins. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(11):2851. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112851
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Xiaoli, Xinbo Li, Wenrui Zhang, Fanxing Meng, Xin Wang, Yanan Qin, and Minwei Zhang. 2021. "Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Smart Sensors for the Rapid Detection of Mycotoxins" Nanomaterials 11, no. 11: 2851. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112851