Therapeutic Manipulation of Macrophages Using Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis and Role of Macrophages
3. Pharmacological Manipulation of Macrophages for the Actual Treatment of OA
4. Nanomaterial-Based Approaches for Macrophage Manipulation in OA
4.1. NSAIDs-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.2. Corticosteroid-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.3. Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Other Anti-Inflammatory Molecules
4.4. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles
4.5. Liposome-Based Anti-Inflammatory Approaches
4.6. Other Nanomaterial-Based Anti-Inflammatory Nanoparticles
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Nanoparticle | Nanocarrier Composition | Therapeutic Load | Size and Surface Charge (nm/mV) | Route of Administration | Animal Model | Therapeutic Effect | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polymeric NPs | Pluronic-based Thermoresponsive | Diclofenac/Kartogenin | 305–650 nm/n.r. | i.a. (knee) | Rats | ↓ of OARSI score | [98] |
Self-assembling PLGA-coated | Indomethacin | 37–255 nm/ (−5.81)–(−9.36) mV # | i.a. (knee) | Rats | ↓ of diameter; favorable hystology; ↓ TNF-α in serum | [84] | |
PLGA + Eudragit RL | Piroxicam | 221–243 nm/ (+2.4)–(+11.5) mV # | i.a. (knee) | Rats | Prolonged retention into joint compared to NPs without Eudragit RL | [99] | |
PEAs | Celecoxib | 398–836 nm/n.r. # | i.a. (knee) | Sheeps | ↓ joint effusion; ↓ WBC | [101] | |
PLGA/PEG | Etoricoxib | 339 nm (mean value)/ (+1.68 ± 0.85) mV | i.a. (knee) | Rats | Favorable μCT; ↓ MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5; ↑ collagen and aggrecan | [96] | |
PEG | Dexamethasone | 130 ± 3 nm/ (−55 ± 2) mV | i.v. | Mice† | Accumulation in inflamed joints upon administration | [105] | |
PLGA | Betamethasone | 300–490 nm/n.r. # | i.a. (knee) | Rabbits | ↓ joint swelling and temperature | [106] | |
pNIPAM | KAFAK | 238–469 nm/ (−5.38)–(−8.48) mV # | ex vivo (knee) | Bovine* | ↓ IL-6 | [109] | |
pNIPAM/AMPS | KAFAK | 232–358 nm/ (−6.1)–(−22.9) mV # | ex vivo (knee) | Bovine* | ↓ IL-6 | [110] | |
PLA-PEG | Adenosine | 129–144 nm/n.r. # | i.a. (knee) | Rats | ↓ OARSI score | [115] | |
Acid-activable PAE | Curcumin | 170 nm/n.r. | i.a. (knee) | Mice | ↓ TNF-α and IL-1β production | [118] | |
PLGA-PEG | NO-Hemoglobin Notch-1 siRNA | 200 nm/0 mV | i.a. (limb) | Mice | Favorable histology ↓ TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Notch-1 in immunohistochemistry | [119] | |
Hyaluronic acid-based NPs | PLGA | Oleic acid and HA | 4561 ± 3466 nm/ (−0.59)–(−16.65) mV | s.c. | Rats | ↓ of inflammation in cotton pellets | [120] |
HA and Chitosan | CrmA | 100–300 nm/n.r. | i.a. (knee) | Rats | ↓ OARSI score; ↓ IL-1β, MMP-3, MMP-13; collagen conserved | [121] | |
Liposomes | Not specified | Clodronate | n.r. | i.p. | Mice‡ | ↓ IL-1β and TNF-α expression in synovium; ↓ NGF in the joint | [78] |
Clophosome® | Clodronate | 100–500 nm/ 0 mV | i.v. | Rats | ↓ IL-1β and NGF in the joint | [123] | |
Phosphatidyl choline; cholesterol; stearylamine; phosphatydil glycerol | Indomethacin | 50–100 nm/n.r. # | i.p. (knee) | Rats | ↓ joint volume | [125] | |
SPC and cholesterol + hyaluronan addition | Celecoxib | 4980 nm/n.r. | i.a. (knee) | Rabbits | Favorable hystology | [126] | |
DPPC + DPPG + cholesterol | Dexamethasone | 283–310 nm/n.r. | i.v. | Rats† | Favorable histology and WBC count | [128] | |
NSSLs | Methyl prednisolone | 80 nm/n.r. | i.v. | Rats† | ↓ of the arhtritis score | [129] | |
Calcium phosphate NPs in liposomes | Methotrexate NF-κB siRNA | 170 nm/ (−23.6) mV | i.v. | Mice | ↓ limb arhtritis score ↓ paw thickness | [130] | |
Carbon-based NPs | Fullerene | - | 1.1 nm/n.r. | i.a. (knee) | Rabbits | Favorable hystology | [132] |
Fullerol | - | n.r. | i.v. (knee) | Mice | Favorable hystology | [134] | |
Graphene oxide | Hyaluronan conjugation | n.r. | i.a. (knee) | Rats | ↓ MMP-3 concentration in the joint | [139] | |
Carbon nanotubes | Antisense oligomers | 109 ± 49 nm/ (−11) mV | i.a. (knee) | Mice | Inhibition of protein synthesis in chondrocytes and reduction of inflammation | [137] | |
Metal-based NPs | Silica | Hyaluronan synthase 2 | 175 nm/ (+12) mV | i.a. (TMJ) | Rats | Favorable hystology | [140] |
Gold | Fish oil protein, both in DPPC liposomes | 15.3 ± 1.9 nm/(+4.15 ± 3.9) mV | i.a. | Rats | Reduction of inflammation | [141] | |
Selenium | NPs dispersed in coumaric acid | 68,000 ± 10,000 nm/n.r. | i.p. | Rats | Reduction of catalase, COX-2, GPx1 | [142] | |
Other NPs | ZIF-8 (MOF) | S-methylisothiourea Catalase Anti-CD16/32 | 160 nm/ (−13)–(+20) mV # | i.a. (knee) | Mice | Favorable histology and X-ray | [143] |
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Ummarino, A.; Gambaro, F.M.; Kon, E.; Torres Andón, F. Therapeutic Manipulation of Macrophages Using Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081562
Ummarino A, Gambaro FM, Kon E, Torres Andón F. Therapeutic Manipulation of Macrophages Using Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(8):1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081562
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmmarino, Aldo, Francesco Manlio Gambaro, Elizaveta Kon, and Fernando Torres Andón. 2020. "Therapeutic Manipulation of Macrophages Using Nanotechnological Approaches for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis" Nanomaterials 10, no. 8: 1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10081562