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Article

Biodegradable Hydrogels Loaded with Magnetically Responsive Microspheres as 2D and 3D Scaffolds

1
Centre of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
2
Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
3
Departamento de Química e CQ-VR, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
4
Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
5
BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
6
IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(12), 2421; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122421
Received: 25 September 2020 / Revised: 13 November 2020 / Accepted: 28 November 2020 / Published: 3 December 2020
Scaffolds play an essential role in the success of tissue engineering approaches. Their intrinsic properties are known to influence cellular processes such as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Hydrogel-based matrices are attractive scaffolds due to their high-water content resembling the native extracellular matrix. In addition, polymer-based magnetoelectric materials have demonstrated suitable bioactivity, allowing to provide magnetically and mechanically activated biophysical electrical stimuli capable of improving cellular processes. The present work reports on a responsive scaffold based on poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) microspheres and magnetic microsphere nanocomposites composed of PLLA and magnetostrictive cobalt ferrites (CoFe2O4), combined with a hydrogel matrix, which mimics the tissue’s hydrated environment and acts as a support matrix. For cell proliferation evaluation, two different cell culture conditions (2D and 3D matrices) and two different strategies, static and dynamic culture, were applied in order to evaluate the influence of extracellular matrix-like confinement and the magnetoelectric/magneto-mechanical effect on cellular behavior. MC3T3-E1 proliferation rate is increased under dynamic conditions, indicating the potential use of hydrogel matrices with remotely stimulated magnetostrictive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. View Full-Text
Keywords: hydrogel; magnetoelectric spheres; tissue engineering; bone; mechano-electric stimuli hydrogel; magnetoelectric spheres; tissue engineering; bone; mechano-electric stimuli
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MDPI and ACS Style

Carvalho, E.O.; Ribeiro, C.; Correia, D.M.; Botelho, G.; Lanceros-Mendez, S. Biodegradable Hydrogels Loaded with Magnetically Responsive Microspheres as 2D and 3D Scaffolds. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122421

AMA Style

Carvalho EO, Ribeiro C, Correia DM, Botelho G, Lanceros-Mendez S. Biodegradable Hydrogels Loaded with Magnetically Responsive Microspheres as 2D and 3D Scaffolds. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(12):2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122421

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carvalho, Estela O., Clarisse Ribeiro, Daniela M. Correia, Gabriela Botelho, and Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez. 2020. "Biodegradable Hydrogels Loaded with Magnetically Responsive Microspheres as 2D and 3D Scaffolds" Nanomaterials 10, no. 12: 2421. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122421

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