Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Using Fluoride Varnish Immediately After Bleaching
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Preparation of Specimens
2.3. Color Measurement
- Exp 1: Immersion in coffee for 24 h after bleaching.
- Exp 2: Simulation of a clinical scenario in which patients brush their teeth after varnish application. The specimens were subsequently immersed in coffee for 24 h after bleaching. After 4 h of immersion, the samples were removed, brushed, and reimmersed. Brushing was performed for 10 s at 1000 rpm using a Robinson brush (Mersage brush, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan).
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Observation
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Color Measurements
3.2. SEM Observations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material (Code) | ppm F | Composition | Percent per Weight | Manufacturer | Lot |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinpro White Varnish (CW) | 22,600 | pentaerythritol glycerol ester of colophony resin | 30–75 | Solventum, Saint Paul, MN, USA | 9660455 |
n-hexane | 10–15 | ||||
ethyl alcohol | 1–15 | ||||
sodium fluoride | 1–5 | ||||
flavor enhancer | 1–5 | ||||
thickener | 1–5 | ||||
food-grade flavor | 1–5 | ||||
modified tricalcium phosphate | <5 | ||||
Enamelast Fluoride Varnish (EN) | 22,600 | synthetic resin | <50 | Ultradent Products, South Jordan, UT, USA | BWB4Y |
ethyl alcohol | <15 | ||||
sodium fluoride | <5 | ||||
methyl ester of hydrogenated rosin | <5 | ||||
citric acid | <3 | ||||
xylitol | - |
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Yago, R.; Kawamoto, C.; Islam, R.; Kaneko, H.; Yamauti, M.; Otsuki, M.; Sano, H.; Tomokiyo, A. Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Using Fluoride Varnish Immediately After Bleaching. J. Funct. Biomater. 2025, 16, 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16070245
Yago R, Kawamoto C, Islam R, Kaneko H, Yamauti M, Otsuki M, Sano H, Tomokiyo A. Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Using Fluoride Varnish Immediately After Bleaching. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2025; 16(7):245. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16070245
Chicago/Turabian StyleYago, Ryotaro, Chiharu Kawamoto, Rafiqul Islam, Hirofumi Kaneko, Monica Yamauti, Masayuki Otsuki, Hidehiko Sano, and Atsushi Tomokiyo. 2025. "Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Using Fluoride Varnish Immediately After Bleaching" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 16, no. 7: 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16070245
APA StyleYago, R., Kawamoto, C., Islam, R., Kaneko, H., Yamauti, M., Otsuki, M., Sano, H., & Tomokiyo, A. (2025). Prevention of Tooth Discoloration Using Fluoride Varnish Immediately After Bleaching. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 16(7), 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb16070245