Biomimetic PLGA/Strontium-Zinc Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Nano Hydroxyapatite
2.2. Preparation and Characterization of n-HAp, Sr-n-HAp, Zn-n-HAp and Sr-Zn-n-HAp
2.3. Fabrication of Sr/Zn-n-HAp Incorporated PLGA Composite Scaffolds
2.4. Characterization of Composite Scaffolds
2.5. Mechanical Testing of the Scaffolds
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of nHAp, Sr-nHAp, Zn-nHAp, Sr/Zn-nHAp
3.1.1. Particle Size Analysis
3.1.2. X-ray Diffraction Analysis
3.1.3. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
3.1.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.2. Characterization of Scaffolds after PLGA Incorporation
3.2.1. X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Scaffolds
3.2.2. FTIR Spectra of Scaffolds
3.2.3. TGA Analysis of Scaffolds
3.2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Scaffolds
3.2.5. Bioactivity of Composite Scaffolds
PH Measurement
Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
3.2.6. Characterization of Scaffolds after Immersion in SBF
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.3. Mechanical Properties of the Scaffolds
4. Limitation of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Sr (mol %) | Zn (mol %) | nHAp (mol %) |
---|---|---|---|
Sr-1-nHAp | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Sr-2.5-nHAp | 2.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Sr-4-nHAp | 4.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Zn-1-nHAp | 0.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Zn-2.5-nHAp | 0.0 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
Zn-4-nHAp | 0.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
Sr/Zn-1-nHAp | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Sr/Zn-2.5-nHAp | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
Sr/Zn-4-nHAp | 4.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
Bone Scaffolds | PLGA (mol %) | Sr (mol %) | Zn (mol %) | nHAp (mol %) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Scaffold 1 (S1) | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Scaffold 2 (S2) | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Scaffold 3 (S3) | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.0 |
Scaffold 4 (S4) | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
Samples | Particle Size (nm) | ||
---|---|---|---|
d10 | d50 | d90 | |
nHAp | 58.6 | 92.3 | 196.4 |
Sr-1-nHAp | 52.2 | 86.0 | 190.3 |
Zn-1-nHAp | 48.4 | 89.0 | 185.4 |
Sr-2.5-nHAp | 43.7 | 86.0 | 167.6 |
Zn-2.5-nHAp | 44.5 | 86.0 | 163.0 |
Sr-4-nHAp | 40.3 | 84.4 | 152.6 |
Zn-4-nHAp | 42.3 | 85.0 | 150.8 |
Sr/Zn-1-nHAp | 45.2 | 79.4 | 146.8 |
Sr/Zn-2.5-nHAp | 47.5 | 80.2 | 148.2 |
Sr/Zn-4-nHAp | 46.4 | 76.6 | 149.0 |
Sample | T2% (°C) | T 10% (°C) | T 50% (°C) | T 90% (°C) | Residue (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nHAp | 532 | - | - | 95 | |
PLGA | 333 | 338 | 369 | 425 | 0 |
PLGA nHAp | 345 | 344 | 380 | 432 | 5 |
PLGA nHAp 1% Zn Sr | 350 | 360 | 402 | 522 | 15 |
PLGA nHAp 2.5% Zn Sr | 358 | 365 | 410 | 555 | 17 |
PLGA nHAp 4% Zn Sr | 369 | 372 | 421 | 572 | 20 |
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Hassan, M.; Sulaiman, M.; Yuvaraju, P.D.; Galiwango, E.; Rehman, I.u.; Al-Marzouqi, A.H.; Khaleel, A.; Mohsin, S. Biomimetic PLGA/Strontium-Zinc Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010013
Hassan M, Sulaiman M, Yuvaraju PD, Galiwango E, Rehman Iu, Al-Marzouqi AH, Khaleel A, Mohsin S. Biomimetic PLGA/Strontium-Zinc Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2022; 13(1):13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010013
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassan, Mozan, Mohsin Sulaiman, Priya Dharshini Yuvaraju, Emmanuel Galiwango, Ihtesham ur Rehman, Ali H. Al-Marzouqi, Abbas Khaleel, and Sahar Mohsin. 2022. "Biomimetic PLGA/Strontium-Zinc Nano Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration" Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 1: 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010013