Color Transformations Resulting in Loss of Performance in Modern Video Compression Software Systems

Modern video compression is implemented in complex software systems that reuse software modules from various sources. This is particularly evident in experimental software systems designed for researching and standardizing new compression technologies. These systems often incorporate software modules operating in different color spaces. For example, AI-based techniques are often used in video coding experiments. The corresponding software modules often operate on RGB representations, while other modules operate on YC_BC_R components. In this study, we demonstrate that the quality loss resulting from color transformations is comparable to the respective quantization noise. Consecutive cycles of color transformations do not result in significant additional degradation. However, for image compression, very different results are obtained in different color representations. This aspect must be carefully considered in compression research. This paper supports these considerations with extensive experimental results in the context of ITU Recommendations BT.709 and BT.2020, as well as AVC and HEVC compression.