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Challenges
  • Retraction
  • Open Access

2 September 2025

RETRACTED: Chumo et al. The Value of Community Capitals in Sustainable Urban Development: A Qualitative Exploration of Urban Informal Workers. Challenges 2024, 15, 44

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African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Nairobi P.O. Box 10787-00100, Kenya
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
The journal retracts the review article “The Value of Community Capitals in Sustainable Urban Development: A Qualitative Exploration of Urban Informal Workers” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the publisher’s attention regarding an overlap between this article [1] and an earlier publication [2], produced by a different authorship group, as well as redundancy with a previous publication [3], produced by the same authors.
Adhering to our complaint procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board, which confirmed a signifying overlap and redundancy in the above mentioned manuscripts. As a result, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this paper as per MDPI’s retraction policy (MDPI|Research and Publication Ethics).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Challenges.
The authors agreed with the retraction.

References

  1. Chumo, I.; Mberu, B.; Kabaria, C. RETRACTED: The Value of Community Capitals in Sustainable Urban Development: A Qualitative Exploration of Urban Informal Workers. Challenges 2024, 15, 44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Nkansah, A.; Fisher, J.; Sohail, M. Manual pit emptying as a sustainable livelihood in Ghana. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Eng. Sustain. 2012, 3, 215–221. [Google Scholar]
  3. Chumo, I.; Kabaria, C.; Mberu, B. Social inclusion of persons with disability in employment: What would it take to socially support employed persons with disability in the labor market? Front. Rehabil. Sci. 2023, 4, 1125129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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