A Hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian Particle Model for Ecosystem Simulation
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
2
Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
3
Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2018, 6(4), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040109
Received: 15 August 2018
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Revised: 20 September 2018
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Accepted: 21 September 2018
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Published: 26 September 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 15th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference)
Current numerical methods for simulating biophysical processes in aquatic environments are typically constructed in a grid-based Eulerian framework or as an individual-based model in a particle-based Lagrangian framework. Often, the biogeochemical processes and physical (hydrodynamic) processes occur at different time and space scales, and changes in biological processes do not affect the hydrodynamic conditions. Therefore, it is possible to develop an alternative strategy to grid-based approaches for linking hydrodynamic and biogeochemical models that can significantly improve computational efficiency for this type of linked biophysical model. In this work, we utilize a new technique that links hydrodynamic effects and biological processes through a property-carrying particle model (PCPM) in a Lagrangian/Eulerian framework. The model is tested in idealized cases and its utility is demonstrated in a practical application to Sandusky Bay. Results show the integration of Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches allows for a natural coupling of mass transport (represented by particle movements and random walk) and biological processes in water columns which is described by a nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton-detritus (NPZD) biological model. This method is far more efficient than traditional tracer-based Eulerian biophysical models for 3-D simulation, particularly for a large domain and/or ensemble simulations.
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Keywords:
property-carrying particle model; coupled models; ecosystem simulation; biophysical modeling; Sandusky Bay; Great Lakes
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MDPI and ACS Style
Xue, P.; Schwab, D.J.; Zhou, X.; Huang, C.; Kibler, R.; Ye, X. A Hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian Particle Model for Ecosystem Simulation. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2018, 6, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040109
AMA Style
Xue P, Schwab DJ, Zhou X, Huang C, Kibler R, Ye X. A Hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian Particle Model for Ecosystem Simulation. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2018; 6(4):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040109
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Pengfei, David J. Schwab, Xing Zhou, Chenfu Huang, Ryan Kibler, and Xinyu Ye. 2018. "A Hybrid Lagrangian–Eulerian Particle Model for Ecosystem Simulation" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 6, no. 4: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6040109
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