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Volume 13
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10.3390/jmse13050897
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Stress Evaluation of a Maritime A-Frame Using Limited Strain Measurements from a Real Deep-Sea Mining Campaign

by
Jiahui Ji
1,2,
Chunke Ma
3,
Ying Li
4,
Mingqiang Xu
3,*,
Wei Liu
1,*,
Hong Zhen
1,
Jiancheng Liu
4,
Shuqing Wang
3,
Lei Li
4 and
Lianjin Jiang
4
1
College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
2
China Merchants Industry Holdings Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
3
College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
4
Marine Equipment and System R&D Department, China Merchants Marine Equipment Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518067, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(5), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050897 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 22 March 2025 / Revised: 18 April 2025 / Accepted: 29 April 2025 / Published: 30 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep-Sea Mineral Resource Development Technology and Equipment)
Versions Notes

Abstract

As terrestrial resources become increasingly scarce, the exploration and utilization of marine resources have become crucial for ensuring a stable resource supply. A maritime A-Frame is a specialized lifting mechanism mounted on the stern of a vessel, designed for deploying and retrieving heavy loads during subsea exploration. Real-time monitoring of the stress of A-Frames is essential for identifying potential failures and preventing accidents. This paper presents a stress-monitoring campaign conducted on a maritime A-Frame during a deep-sea mining project in the South China Sea. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors were installed on the A-Frame to measure its stress responses throughout the deep-sea mining operation. The stress variations observed during the deployment and retrieval of a deep-sea mining vehicle were analyzed. The results indicate that the stress caused by the swinging motion of the A-Frame was significantly higher than that generated by the lifting and deployment of the mining equipment. Additionally, a finite element model (FEM) of the A-Frame was developed to estimate the stress of the hot spots by integrating the measured strain data. The analysis confirmed that the maximum stress experienced by the A-Frame was well below the allowable threshold, indicating that the structure had sufficient strength to withstand operational loads. In addition, the swing angle of the A-Frame significantly affects the stress value of the A-Frame, while lifting the mining vehicle has a very slight effect. Thus, it is advisable to accelerate the deployment and retrieval speeds of the mining vehicle and minimize the outward swing angle of the A-Frame. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and ensuring the safe operation of maritime A-Frames in deep-sea mining exploration.
Keywords: strain monitoring; maritime A-Frame; deep-sea mining; field test; FBG strain sensor; structural health monitoring; FEM strain monitoring; maritime A-Frame; deep-sea mining; field test; FBG strain sensor; structural health monitoring; FEM

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ji, J.; Ma, C.; Li, Y.; Xu, M.; Liu, W.; Zhen, H.; Liu, J.; Wang, S.; Li, L.; Jiang, L. Stress Evaluation of a Maritime A-Frame Using Limited Strain Measurements from a Real Deep-Sea Mining Campaign. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050897

AMA Style

Ji J, Ma C, Li Y, Xu M, Liu W, Zhen H, Liu J, Wang S, Li L, Jiang L. Stress Evaluation of a Maritime A-Frame Using Limited Strain Measurements from a Real Deep-Sea Mining Campaign. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(5):897. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050897

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ji, Jiahui, Chunke Ma, Ying Li, Mingqiang Xu, Wei Liu, Hong Zhen, Jiancheng Liu, Shuqing Wang, Lei Li, and Lianjin Jiang. 2025. "Stress Evaluation of a Maritime A-Frame Using Limited Strain Measurements from a Real Deep-Sea Mining Campaign" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 5: 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050897

APA Style

Ji, J., Ma, C., Li, Y., Xu, M., Liu, W., Zhen, H., Liu, J., Wang, S., Li, L., & Jiang, L. (2025). Stress Evaluation of a Maritime A-Frame Using Limited Strain Measurements from a Real Deep-Sea Mining Campaign. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(5), 897. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13050897

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