Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units and Steel Catenary Risers Under the Action of Internal Solitary Waves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Description
2.1. Internal Solitary Wave Equation
2.2. Equation of the FPSO Motion
2.2.1. Dragging Force of the ISW
2.2.2. Restoring Force of the Mooring System
- (1)
- The initial vertical pre-tension V0 can be calculated based on H0 and θ0. At this point, the middle wire part of the cable is assumed to be completely floating. The vertical force Vj and angle θt at the connection between the wire and the top anchor chain can be calculated.
- (2)
- According to the calculated Vj and θt, the vertical heights Y1, Y2 and Y3 of the three cable segments can be solved.
- (3)
- The solved Y1 + Y2 + Y3 is compared with the height h. If the error meets the set threshold, the next step can be taken. If not, Vj can be reasonably increased or decreased based on the positive or negative value and magnitude of the difference, and the above steps can be repeated until the difference between Y1 + Y2 + Y3 and the h meets the threshold.
- (4)
- Then X0, X1, X2, X3 can be calculated, where X0 is the length of the bottom support section.
- (5)
- After obtaining the initial conditions for the mooring line, the relationship between the restoring force and the displacement of the mooring point can be calculated. Firstly, a small uniform displacement du is assumed, and a new value of H can be determined. Then, by repeating steps (2) to (4) with the new value of H, the new X0, X1, X2, X3 values can be calculated.
- (6)
- After obtaining the new values for X0, X1, X2, X3, their sum can be subtracted from the result obtained in step (4), and the difference can be compared with the set threshold. If it meets the requirement, the following steps can be performed. If it does not meet the requirement, H can be slightly adjusted by the difference, and step (5) can be repeated until the difference meets the threshold.
2.3. FEM Model of the Coupled FPSO–SCR System
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. FPSO Motion Response and Influence of Mooring Pre-Tension on FPSO Motion
3.2. Influence of Mooring Line Distribution on FPSO Motion
3.3. Tension Characteristics of Mooring Lines
3.4. Influence of FPSO Motion on SCR Dynamic Response
3.5. Influence of ISW Incident Angle on SCR Dynamic Response
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The velocity of the FPSO under the action of internal solitary waves is generally not large, but its variation is very complex. The internal solitary wave load reaches its maximum value before the ISW crest reaches the FPSO, but the FPSO displacement reaches a maximum when it reaches the FPS, which is consistent with the actual situation.
- (2)
- The smaller the horizontal pre-tension of the mooring cable, the greater the displacement of the FPSO, and the more time needed for the FPSO displacement to decay. The arrangement of mooring lines also has a significant impact on the FPSO. For symmetrically arranged mooring systems, the larger the angle between the internal solitary waves and the mooring lines, the smaller the horizontal displacement of the FPSO.
- (3)
- Considering both the motion of the FPSO and the internal solitary waves, the stress of the SRC reaches its maximum value when the FPSO reaches its maximum motion, while it reaches its minimum value when the FPSO reaches its minimum motion.
- (4)
- When the ISW crest reaches the FPSO, the stress values of the SCR at the four incident angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° all reach their maximum. As the incident angle increases, the stress value of the SCR slightly decreases.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Internal Solitary Waves Properties | Depth (m) | Seawater Density (kg/m3) | Wave Amplitude (m) |
---|---|---|---|
Upper layer fluid | 274.4 | 1025 | −90.4 |
Lower layer fluid | 640 | 1028 | −90.4 |
Main Parameters of the Vessel | Symbol | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|---|
Production level | 120,000 | bpd | |
Storable volume | 14,400 | bbls | |
Length between perpendiculars | LBP | 310 | m |
Molded breadth | B | 47.17 | m |
Molded depth | H | 28.04 | m |
Draft | T | 18.9 | m |
Displacement of the vessel | D | 240,869 | mt |
Center of buoyancy forward of section | FB | 6.6 | m |
Center of gravity above base | KG | 13.32 | m |
Name | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Water depth | 914 | m |
Pre-tension | 1201 | kN |
Mooring line quantity | 4*3 | |
Angle between three mooring lines | 5 | Deg |
Mooring line length | 2088 | m |
Chain stopper plate radius | 7 | m |
First section: ground part | K4 without Block | |
Length | 914.4 | m |
Diameter | 88.9 | mm |
Dry weight | 1617.1 | N/m |
Wet weight | 1406.9 | N/m |
Stiffness AE | 794,484 | kN |
Average breaking load | 6512 | kN |
Second section: wire rope | Spiral Strand Wire | |
Length | 1127.8 | m |
Diameter | 88.9 | mm |
Dry weight | 412.12 | N/m |
Wet weight | 349.75 | N/m |
Stiffness AE | 689,858 | kN |
Average breaking load | 6418 | kN |
Third section: top part | K4 without Block | |
Length | 45.7 | m |
Diameter | 88.9 | mm |
Dry weight | 1617.09 | N/m |
Wet weight | 1406.89 | N/m |
Stiffness AE | 794,484 | kN |
Average breaking load | 6512 | kN |
Number of Grid Nodes | Maximum Stress | Deviation |
---|---|---|
89,543 | 129 MPa | - |
203,537 | 138 MPa | 9 MPa |
391,352 | 144 MPa | 6 MPa |
467,342 | 148 MPa | 4 MPa |
503,456 | 149 MPa | 1 MPa |
Calculated Parameters | Value | Unit |
---|---|---|
Water depth | 914.4 | m |
Angle between the top and the water surface | 60 | ° |
Outer diameter of riser | 0.4064 | m |
Inner diameter of riser | 0.3556 | m |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.3 | |
Young’s modulus | 2.1 × 105 | MPa |
Quality density | 7850 | kg/m |
Total length of pipeline | 2085 | m |
Dragging section length | 500 | m |
Horizontal tension | 8220.5 | N |
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Du, F.; Li, M.; Mi, Z.; Gao, P. Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units and Steel Catenary Risers Under the Action of Internal Solitary Waves. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030521
Du F, Li M, Mi Z, Gao P. Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units and Steel Catenary Risers Under the Action of Internal Solitary Waves. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(3):521. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030521
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Fengming, Mingjie Li, Zetian Mi, and Pan Gao. 2025. "Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units and Steel Catenary Risers Under the Action of Internal Solitary Waves" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 3: 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030521
APA StyleDu, F., Li, M., Mi, Z., & Gao, P. (2025). Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units and Steel Catenary Risers Under the Action of Internal Solitary Waves. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(3), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030521