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Article

Dual-Objective Optimization of Port Tugboat Scheduling with Heterogeneous Service Capabilities

by
Chao Fang
1,
Tian Chai
1,*,
Wei Huang
2 and
Huaiwei Zhu
1
1
College of Navigation, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
2
Xiamen Pilot Station, Xiamen 361026, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(10), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13102003
Submission received: 20 September 2025 / Revised: 15 October 2025 / Accepted: 17 October 2025 / Published: 19 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Abstract

As critical hubs in the global supply chain, a port’s competitiveness and sustainability are directly impacted by the efficiency and carbon emissions of its tugboat scheduling. This paper addresses the scheduling optimization of heterogeneous tugboat fleets, aiming to balance these dual objectives. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is constructed to minimize vessel waiting time and total carbon emissions, considering key real-world constraints such as tidal windows and channel capacity. Given the model’s complexity, an improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is designed, which significantly enhances the performance for solving large-scale instances. A case study based on actual data from Xiamen Port shows that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively generate a series of Pareto-optimal schedules, providing a decision-making basis for port authorities to achieve green and efficient tugboat scheduling.
Keywords: tugboat scheduling; heterogeneous fleet; mixed-integer linear programming; carbon emissions; tidal windows tugboat scheduling; heterogeneous fleet; mixed-integer linear programming; carbon emissions; tidal windows

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fang, C.; Chai, T.; Huang, W.; Zhu, H. Dual-Objective Optimization of Port Tugboat Scheduling with Heterogeneous Service Capabilities. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13102003

AMA Style

Fang C, Chai T, Huang W, Zhu H. Dual-Objective Optimization of Port Tugboat Scheduling with Heterogeneous Service Capabilities. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2025; 13(10):2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13102003

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fang, Chao, Tian Chai, Wei Huang, and Huaiwei Zhu. 2025. "Dual-Objective Optimization of Port Tugboat Scheduling with Heterogeneous Service Capabilities" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 10: 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13102003

APA Style

Fang, C., Chai, T., Huang, W., & Zhu, H. (2025). Dual-Objective Optimization of Port Tugboat Scheduling with Heterogeneous Service Capabilities. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 13(10), 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13102003

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