Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Based on Bench Tests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Engines
2.2. Emission Regulations
2.3. Test Measurement System and Bench Test
2.4. Calculation Method
2.5. Fuel Information
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fuel-Based Average Emission Factors
3.2. Energy-Based Average Emission Factors
3.3. Energy-Based Emission Factors under Different Load Conditions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations and Definitions
Term | Explanation | Term | Explanation |
ME | Main Engine | g | Gram |
AE | Auxiliary Engine | kg | Kilogram |
NOX | Nitrogen Oxides | t | Tonne |
HC | Hydrocarbon | NDIR | Non dispersive Infrared detection |
CO | Carbon Monoxide | CLD | Chemi-uminescent detection |
CO2 | Carbon Dioxide | MPD | Magnetic pneumatic detection |
O2 | Oxygen | HFID | Heated flame ionization detection |
PM | Particulate Matter | PT | Point |
SO2 | Sulfur Dioxide | FS | Full Scale |
CH4 | Methane | C | Carbon |
kWh | Kilo Watt-hour | H | Hydrogen |
SV | Single-cylinder displacement | O | Oxygenium |
L | Volume unit, liter | N | Nitrogen |
P | Power | S | Sulphur |
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Test Cycle | Parameter | Test Power Point | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E3 | Power | 100% | 75% | 50% | 25% | - |
Speed | 100% | 91% | 80% | 63% | - | |
Weighting factor | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.15 | - | |
E2 | Power | 100% | 75% | 50% | 25% | - |
Speed | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | - | |
Weighting factor | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 0.15 | - | |
D2 | Power | 100% | 75% | 50% | 25% | 10% |
Speed | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | |
Weighting factor | 0.05 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.10 |
Single-Cylinder Displacement SV(L 1) | Rated Power (kW) | CO | HC + NOX | CH4 2 | PM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SV < 0.9 | P ≥ 37 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 1.5 | 0.40 |
0.9 ≤ SV < 1.2 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 1.5 | 0.30 | |
1.2 ≤ SV < 5 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 1.5 | 0.20 | |
5 ≤ SV < 15 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 1.5 | 0.27 | |
15 ≤ SV < 20 | P < 3300 | 5.0 | 8.7 | 1.6 | 0.50 |
P ≥ 3300 | 5.0 | 9.8 | 1.8 | 0.50 | |
20 ≤ SV < 25 | 5.0 | 9.8 | 1.8 | 0.50 | |
25 ≤ SV < 30 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 2.0 | 0.50 |
Single-Cylinder Displacement SV(L 1) | Rated Power (kW) | CO | HC + NOX | CH4 2 | PM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SV < 0.9 | P ≥ 37 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 0.30 |
0.9 ≤ SV < 1.2 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 0.14 | |
1.2 ≤ SV < 5 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 0.12 | |
5 ≤ SV < 15 | P < 2000 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 0.14 |
2000 ≤ P < 3700 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 1.5 | 0.14 | |
P ≥ 3700 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 1.5 | 0.27 | |
15 ≤ SV < 20 | P < 2000 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 0.34 |
2000 ≤ P < 3300 | 5.0 | 8.7 | 1.6 | 0.50 | |
P ≥ 3300 | 5.0 | 9.8 | 1.8 | 0.50 | |
20 ≤ SV < 25 | P < 2000 | 5.0 | 9.8 | 1.8 | 0.27 |
P ≥ 2000 | 5.0 | 9.8 | 1.8 | 0.50 | |
25 ≤ SV < 30 | P < 2000 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 2.0 | 0.27 |
P ≥ 2000 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 2.0 | 0.50 |
Ingredient | Principle | Accuracy | Measuring Range |
---|---|---|---|
CO | NDIR | Within 2%PT or 0.3%FS | 0~3000 ppm |
CO2 | NDIR | Within 2%PT or 0.3%FS | 0~16 vol.% |
NOX | CLD | Within 2%PT or 0.3%FS | 0~5000 ppm |
O2 | MPD | Within 2%PT or 0.3%FS | 0~25 vol.% |
THC | HFID | Within 2%PT or 0.3%FS | 0~5000 ppm |
Class | Single-Cylinder Displacement SV (L) | Class | Single-Cylinder Displacement SV (L) |
---|---|---|---|
A | SV < 0.9 | E | 15 ≤ SV < 20 |
B | 0.9 ≤ SV < 1.2 | F | 20 ≤ SV < 25 |
C | 1.2 ≤ SV < 5 | G | 25 ≤ SV < 30 |
D | 5 ≤ SV < 15 |
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Ma, Z.; Du, T.; Duan, S.; Qu, H.; Wang, K.; Xing, H.; Zou, Y.; Sun, P. Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Based on Bench Tests. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020413
Ma Z, Du T, Duan S, Qu H, Wang K, Xing H, Zou Y, Sun P. Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Based on Bench Tests. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2023; 11(2):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020413
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Zhongmin, Taili Du, Shulin Duan, Hongfei Qu, Kai Wang, Hui Xing, Yongjiu Zou, and Peiting Sun. 2023. "Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Based on Bench Tests" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2: 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020413
APA StyleMa, Z., Du, T., Duan, S., Qu, H., Wang, K., Xing, H., Zou, Y., & Sun, P. (2023). Analysis of Exhaust Pollutants from Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Based on Bench Tests. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(2), 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020413