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Article

Isolation and Identification of Luminescent Bacteria in Deep Sea Marine Organisms from Sicilian Waters (Mediterranean Sea)

by
Rosario Calogero
1,
Carmen Rizzo
2,3,*,
Erika Arcadi
1,
Maria Giulia Stipa
1,
Pierpaolo Consoli
1,
Teresa Romeo
2,4 and
Pietro Battaglia
1
1
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn—Sicily Marine Centre, Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
2
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn—Sicily Marine Centre, Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
3
National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy
4
National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, ISPRA, Via dei Mille 46, 98057 Milazzo, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(8), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081113
Submission received: 11 July 2022 / Revised: 10 August 2022 / Accepted: 10 August 2022 / Published: 13 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodiversity, Adaptation Strategies, and Opportunities in Extreme Marine Environments)
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Abstract

Luminescent bacteria are a fascinating component of marine microbial communities, often related to the light emissions in deep sea marine organisms. They are mainly affiliated with specific phylogenetic groups, such as Photobacterium, Vibrio, and Photorhabdus, and are sometimes involved in symbiotic relationships. However, the luminescence of some marine organisms remains a poorly understood process, and it is not always certain whether their luminescence is attributable to associated luminescent bacteria. In this study, for the first time, luminescent bacteria were isolated from two deep sea organisms, namely, the cephalopod Neorossia caroli and the teleost Chlorophthalmus agassizi. The isolation was carried out on glycerol-supplemented medium, and the search for the luxAB gene was performed on all isolates as a complementary tool to the culture-dependent techniques to detect bioluminescence by molecular approach. The optimum of salinity, temperature, and pH was evaluated by physiological tests for all isolates. The production of extracellular polymeric substances was also preliminarily screened. A total of 24 luminescent isolates were obtained, with an abundance from C. agassizi specimens. All the isolates were taxonomically characterized and were related to different species of Photobacterium, with the exception of Vibrio sp. CLD11 that was from C. agassizi. The luxAB gene was detected in about the 90% of the analysed strains.
Keywords: luminescent bacteria; deep sea; luxAB; bioluminescence; Chlorophthalmus agassizi; Neorossia caroli luminescent bacteria; deep sea; luxAB; bioluminescence; Chlorophthalmus agassizi; Neorossia caroli

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MDPI and ACS Style

Calogero, R.; Rizzo, C.; Arcadi, E.; Stipa, M.G.; Consoli, P.; Romeo, T.; Battaglia, P. Isolation and Identification of Luminescent Bacteria in Deep Sea Marine Organisms from Sicilian Waters (Mediterranean Sea). J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081113

AMA Style

Calogero R, Rizzo C, Arcadi E, Stipa MG, Consoli P, Romeo T, Battaglia P. Isolation and Identification of Luminescent Bacteria in Deep Sea Marine Organisms from Sicilian Waters (Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2022; 10(8):1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081113

Chicago/Turabian Style

Calogero, Rosario, Carmen Rizzo, Erika Arcadi, Maria Giulia Stipa, Pierpaolo Consoli, Teresa Romeo, and Pietro Battaglia. 2022. "Isolation and Identification of Luminescent Bacteria in Deep Sea Marine Organisms from Sicilian Waters (Mediterranean Sea)" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8: 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081113

APA Style

Calogero, R., Rizzo, C., Arcadi, E., Stipa, M. G., Consoli, P., Romeo, T., & Battaglia, P. (2022). Isolation and Identification of Luminescent Bacteria in Deep Sea Marine Organisms from Sicilian Waters (Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 10(8), 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081113

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