No Evidence of Excessive Leaf Production by Strawberries Grown in the Subtropics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experiment | Year | Cultivars | Time of Planting | Replication (n) | Period of Leaf Growth |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2004 | Festival & Sugarbaby | 20 April | 2 | 13 May to 5 August |
2 | 2005 | Festival, Rubygem & Sugarbaby | 19 April | 4 | 25 May to 3 October |
3 | 2006 | Festival & Rubygem | 11 April | 4 | 16 May to 26 September |
4a | 2007 | Festival | 22 March | 4 | 15 May to 9 October |
4b | 2007 | Festival | 29 April | 4 | 15 May to 9 October |
5a | 2008 | Festival | 17 March | 5 | 17 May to 1 October |
5b | 2008 | Festival | 28 April | 5 | 17 May to 1 October |
6a | 2009 | Festival | 16 March | 5 | 5 May to 28 September |
6b | 2009 | Festival | 28 April | 5 | 5 May to 28 September |
7a | 2010 | Festival | 31 March | 4 | 12 May to 6 October |
7b | 2010 | Festival | 28 April | 4 | 12 May to 6 October |
8a | 2010 | Fortuna | 7 April | 4 | 19 May to 10 October |
8b | 2010 | Fortuna | 5 May | 4 | 19 May to 10 October |
9a | 2011 | Festival | 30 March | 4 | 11 May to 5 October |
9b | 2011 | Festival | 27 April | 4 | 11 May to 5 October |
10a | 2011 | Fortuna | 6 April | 4 | 18 May to 12 October |
10b | 2011 | Fortuna | 4 May | 4 | 18 May to 12 October |
11 | 2012 | Festival, Rubygem & two breeding lines | 21 March | 4 | 28 May to 5 October |
12 | 2013 | Festival, Rubygem & two breeding lines | 21 March | 4 | 23 April to 9 October |
13 | 2014 | Festival, Fortuna & Winter Dawn | 10 April | 4 | 19 May to 8 October |
14a | 2015 | Festival | 20 April | 6 | 15 June to 19 October |
14b | 2015 | Festival | 29 April | 6 | 15 June to 19 October |
15 | 2016 | Festival | 13 April | 4 | 29 June to 3 October |
Experiment | Period of Leaf Growth (days) | Average Daily Mean Temp. (°C) | Average Daily Solar Radiation (MJ/m2) | Total Daily Mean Temp. × Solar Radiation (°C MJ/m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 85 | 15.7 | 14.0 | 218 |
2 | 132 | 16.5 | 15.4 | 257 |
3 | 130 | 16.5 | 15.1 | 249 |
4a | 148 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 257 |
4b | 148 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 257 |
5a | 138 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 240 |
5b | 138 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 240 |
6a | 147 | 17.8 | 15.1 | 273 |
6b | 147 | 17.8 | 15.1 | 273 |
7a | 148 | 17.5 | 13.2 | 231 |
7b | 148 | 17.5 | 13.2 | 231 |
8a | 145 | 17.5 | 13.0 | 229 |
8b | 145 | 17.5 | 13.0 | 229 |
9a | 148 | 16.5 | 14.5 | 242 |
9b | 148 | 16.5 | 14.5 | 242 |
10a | 148 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 245 |
10b | 148 | 16.6 | 14.5 | 245 |
11 | 131 | 16.9 | 15.1 | 259 |
12 | 140 | 17.6 | 13.6 | 240 |
13 | 142 | 17.5 | 15.0 | 263 |
14a | 127 | 17.4 | 15.9 | 281 |
14b | 127 | 17.4 | 15.9 | 281 |
15 | 96 | 17.7 | 15.1 | 268 |
Mean (± SE) | 137 ± 3 | 17.1 ± 0.1 | 14.5 ± 0.2 | 250 ± 4 |
Experiment | R2 from the Linear Relationship between No. of Leaves & Day Since Planting | R2 from the Dose-Logistic Relationship between No. of Leaves & Day Since Planting | No. of Observations (n) | No. of Leaves/Day | Confidence Interval (95%) | Days between Successive Leaves | Confidence Interval (95%) | GDDs between Successive Leaves | Confidence Interval (95%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.92 | 0.99 | 5 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.06 | 7.0 ± 1.0 | 3.3 | 56 ± 7 | 23 |
2 | 0.86 | 0.79 | 5 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.09 | 6.2 ± 1.2 | 3.9 | 53 ± 12 | 37 |
3 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 8 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.03 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 49 ± 4 | 9 |
4a | 0.91 | 0.95 | 8 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.06 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 1.4 | 41 ± 7 | 16 |
4b | 0.87 | 0.87 | 8 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.05 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 2.1 | 52 ± 9 | 23 |
5a | 0.89 | 0.89 | 8 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.04 | 8.1 ± 1.1 | 2.6 | 76 ± 12 | 29 |
5b | 0.96 | 0.93 | 8 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.019 | 9.7 ± 0.7 | 1.8 | 93 ± 8 | 18 |
6a | 0.81 | 0.89 | 8 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.06 | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 2.6 | 61 ± 11 | 27 |
6b | 0.95 | 0.93 | 8 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.03 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 1.4 | 69 ± 7 | 17 |
7a | 0.94 | 0.94 | 8 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.06 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 39 ± 4 | 9 |
7b | 0.99 | 0.99 | 8 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.01 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 0.5 | 59 ± 2 | 6 |
8a | 0.96 | 0.97 | 8 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.04 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 0.8 | 46 ± 4 | 11 |
8b | 0.97 | 0.96 | 8 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.03 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 1.0 | 64 ± 3 | 8 |
9a | 0.99 | 0.99 | 8 | 0.16 ± 0.005 | 0.01 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 | 57 ± 2 | 5 |
9b | 0.98 | 0.98 | 8 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.02 | 7.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 70 ± 4 | 9 |
10a | 0.91 | 0.91 | 8 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.04 | 7.0 ± 0.8 | 2.0 | 65 ± 7 | 18 |
10b | 0.99 | 0.98 | 8 | 0.11 ± 0.004 | 0.01 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 87 ± 3 | 6 |
11 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 6 | 0.17 ± 0.002 | 0.004 | 5.9 ± 0.4 | 1.1 | 57 ± 4 | 12 |
12 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 6 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 0.6 | 48 ± 3 | 7 |
13 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 6 | 0.16 ± 0.005 | 0.01 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 0.5 | 63 ± 2 | 5 |
14a | 0.98 | 0.99 | 6 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.02 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 0.9 | 64 ± 4 | 12 |
14b | 0.97 | 0.98 | 6 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.03 | 6.8 ± 0.6 | 1.6 | 69 ± 8 | 23 |
15 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 6 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.03 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 1.4 | 69 ± 6 | 18 |
Mean (± SE) | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 63 ± 3 |
Experiment | Max. No. of Leaves/Plant | Average d. wt. of the Flowers & Immature Fruit (g/plant) | Average Yield (g/plant) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 17.2 ± 2.9 | - | 189 ± 0 |
2 | 25.4 ± 1.3 | - | 702 ± 32 |
3 | 26.9 ± 1.9 | - | 480 ± 32 |
4a | 34.2 ± 0.9 | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 727 ± 21 |
4b | 23.4 ± 0.7 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 560 ± 26 |
5a | 22.2 ± 1.3 | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 1092 ± 41 |
5b | 18.8 ± 1.6 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 510 ± 14 |
6a | 30.8 ± 2.2 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 934 ± 18 |
6b | 24.3 ± 2.5 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 555 ± 19 |
7a | 46.8 ± 3.6 | 9.5 ± 0.4 | 876 ± 49 |
7b | 29.0 ± 2.7 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 642 ± 23 |
8a | 32.1 ± 2.2 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 827 ± 58 |
8b | 26.5 ± 1.9 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 478 ± 24 |
9a | 28.4 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 0.1 | 966 ± 39 |
9b | 22.2 ± 0.7 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 740 ± 16 |
10a | 21.4 ± 1.4 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 823 ± 72 |
10b | 18.3 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 643 ± 15 |
11 | 37.1 ± 1.8 | 10.6 ± 0.1 | 720 ± 28 |
12 | 34.5 ± 0.5 | 9.0 ± 0.2 | 480 ± 15 |
13 | 30.4 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 796 ± 25 |
14a | 28.0 ± 2.1 | 9.2 ± 0.3 | 1123 ± 43 |
14b | 26.0 ± 1.6 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 1037 ± 44 |
15 | 27.1 ± 1.4 | 8.1 ± 0.4 | 991 ± 38 |
Mean (± SE) | 27.4 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 734 ± 49 |
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Menzel, C.M. No Evidence of Excessive Leaf Production by Strawberries Grown in the Subtropics. Agriculture 2019, 9, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090197
Menzel CM. No Evidence of Excessive Leaf Production by Strawberries Grown in the Subtropics. Agriculture. 2019; 9(9):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090197
Chicago/Turabian StyleMenzel, Christopher M. 2019. "No Evidence of Excessive Leaf Production by Strawberries Grown in the Subtropics" Agriculture 9, no. 9: 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090197