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Volume 13
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Article

Improvement of the Integral Indicator of the Ecological and Toxicological Assessment of the Danger of the Use of Pesticides in Agriculture and the Creation of an Information System for Their Monitoring

by
Irina Slastya
1,
Elena Khudyakova
2,*,
Ivan Vasenev
1,
Dmitrii Benin
3,
Marina Stepantsevich
2,
Vladimir Vodjannikov
4,
Mikhail Nikanorov
2 and
Tatiana Fomina
5
1
Department of Ecology, Institute of Amelioration, Water Management and Construction, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 127550, Russia
2
Department of Applied Information Science, Institute of Economics and Management in Agribusiness, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 127550, Russia
3
Department of Agricultural Water Supply, Sanitation, Pumps and Pumping Stations, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 127550, Russia
4
Department of Production Organization, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 127550, Russia
5
Department of Foreign and Russian Languages, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow 127550, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2023, 13(9), 1797; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091797
Submission received: 14 July 2023 / Revised: 10 August 2023 / Accepted: 28 August 2023 / Published: 12 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Economics, Policies and Rural Management)
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Abstract

The aim of the work was to assess the ecological and toxicological dangers of pesticides using the value of a complex indicator determined by the calculation method. An integral indicator of the relative ecological and toxicological danger of pesticide use (Hr) is proposed, which allows taking into account the acute oral and chronic toxicity of the pesticide for mammals and its impact on the environment (half-life in soil and chronic toxicity for aquatic organisms), as well as the rate of application of the drug. The computation was performed on fungicides and insecticides that are most commonly used in grain crop cultivation and approved to be applied in the Russian Federation. The research was carried out in 2022–2023. The results showed that the determined indicator takes values from 0.02 for the fungicide benomyl to 26950 for the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Pesticides were ranked according to the Hr index, and four hazard groups were identified, as well as the main factors that determine them. The first hazard group should include drugs with a Hr greater than 1000; the second hazard group—with Hr from 100 to 1000; the third—with Hr from 1 to 100; and the fourth—with Hr less than 1. The first group includes pesticides with multiple adverse safety profiles, such as chlorpyrifos. The second group includes insecticides fipronil, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and the fungicide flutriafol. The indicator can be used for agro-ecological substantiation of the choice of pesticides for the treatment of agricultural crops and for the selection of priority pesticides for regular monitoring of their content in the environment—primarily the first and second hazard groups. It can be performed remotely by appropriate detectors and sensors. All data about farm pollution can be monitored using an information server monitoring system, the architecture of which has been proposed.
Keywords: pesticides; ecological and toxicological assessment; classification of pesticides; pesticide hazard index; pesticide load; data monitoring pesticides; ecological and toxicological assessment; classification of pesticides; pesticide hazard index; pesticide load; data monitoring

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MDPI and ACS Style

Slastya, I.; Khudyakova, E.; Vasenev, I.; Benin, D.; Stepantsevich, M.; Vodjannikov, V.; Nikanorov, M.; Fomina, T. Improvement of the Integral Indicator of the Ecological and Toxicological Assessment of the Danger of the Use of Pesticides in Agriculture and the Creation of an Information System for Their Monitoring. Agriculture 2023, 13, 1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091797

AMA Style

Slastya I, Khudyakova E, Vasenev I, Benin D, Stepantsevich M, Vodjannikov V, Nikanorov M, Fomina T. Improvement of the Integral Indicator of the Ecological and Toxicological Assessment of the Danger of the Use of Pesticides in Agriculture and the Creation of an Information System for Their Monitoring. Agriculture. 2023; 13(9):1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091797

Chicago/Turabian Style

Slastya, Irina, Elena Khudyakova, Ivan Vasenev, Dmitrii Benin, Marina Stepantsevich, Vladimir Vodjannikov, Mikhail Nikanorov, and Tatiana Fomina. 2023. "Improvement of the Integral Indicator of the Ecological and Toxicological Assessment of the Danger of the Use of Pesticides in Agriculture and the Creation of an Information System for Their Monitoring" Agriculture 13, no. 9: 1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091797

APA Style

Slastya, I., Khudyakova, E., Vasenev, I., Benin, D., Stepantsevich, M., Vodjannikov, V., Nikanorov, M., & Fomina, T. (2023). Improvement of the Integral Indicator of the Ecological and Toxicological Assessment of the Danger of the Use of Pesticides in Agriculture and the Creation of an Information System for Their Monitoring. Agriculture, 13(9), 1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091797

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