Potential Possibilities of Using Groundwater for Crop Irrigation in the Context of Climate Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methods
- Ai—total surface area in a given efficiency class [ha],
- Ac—total area [ha],
- Qi—middle of the variation range in class i [m3∙h−1].
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Climatic Conditions
4.2. Water Needs and Water Shortages of Plants
4.3. Available Groundwater Resources
4.4. Possibility of Covering Potential Water Shortages in Plants
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Crops | Water Demand | Max. Water Shortages p = 20% | Max. Water Shortages p = 50% |
---|---|---|---|
Rye | 250–280 | 153.3 | 104.6 |
Winter wheat | 270–300 | 177.5 | 123.2 |
Spring barley | 360–370 | 167.0 | 109.7 |
Late potato | 430–480 | 253.3 | 175.4 |
Sugar beet | 500–550 | 260.6 | 168.3 |
Winter rape | 350–400 | 66.8 | 34.1 |
Plant | Rye | Winter Wheat | Spring Wheat | Spring Barley | Late Potatoes | Sugar Beets | Winter Rape | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range of average shortages (mm) | 0–40 | 40–80 | 0–40 | 40–80 | 80–120 | 0–40 | 40–80 | 0–40 | 40–80 | 40–80 | 80–120 | 120–160 | 40–80 | 80–120 | 120–160 | 0–40 |
Water shortage with a probability of 20% | ||||||||||||||||
brown and loamy soils made of clay sands | 10.6 | 10.6 | 7.6 | |||||||||||||
brown soils made of light loams | 44.0 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 36.8 | 44.0 | 34.1 | 4.1 | 31.7 | ||||||||
lessive soils made of light loams | 45.4 | 35.5 | 38.0 | 38.0 | 45.4 | 30.2 | 9.4 | 32.8 | ||||||||
brown soils made of medium loams | 2.1 | 17.8 | 21.3 | 21.3 | 22.2 | 18.4 | ||||||||||
brown and lessive soils made of clay | 6.5 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||||
medium and heavy sacks | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||
Water shortage with a probability of 50% | ||||||||||||||||
brown and loamy soils made of clay sands | 10.6 | 10.6 | 7.6 | |||||||||||||
brown soils made of light loams | 44.0 | 34.4 | 36.8 | 36.8 | 28.0 | 16.0 | 38.3 | 31.7 | ||||||||
lessive soils made of light loams | 45.4 | 35.5 | 38.0 | 38.0 | 33.9 | 11.5 | 39.5 | 32.8 | ||||||||
brown soils made of medium loams | 19.9 | 21.3 | 21.3 | 22.2 | 18.4 | |||||||||||
brown and lessive soils made of clay | 6.5 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||||
medium and heavy sacks | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 |
Potential Well Performance Class i | Potential Capacity Value Range in a Given Class Qmini ÷ Qmaxi (m3∙h−1) | The Middle of the Range of Variability Qi (m3∙h−1) | Number of Areas of a Given Class Within a Poviat Ni | The Total Area in a Given Efficiency Class Ai (ha) | Percentage Share of the Efficiency Class in the Poviat Area αi (%) | Weighted Average Capacity of Potential Wells in the Poviat Area Qavg (m3∙h−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | No GUPW * | 0 | 1 | 228.25 | 0.19 | 42.40 |
2 | 0–10 | 5 | 1 | 320.89 | 0.27 | |
3 | 10–30 | 20 | 8 | 32,496.17 | 26.98 | |
4 | 30–50 | 40 | 3 | 49,615.51 | 41.19 | |
5 | 50–70 | 60 | 10 | 27,621.01 | 22.93 | |
6 | >70 | 80 | 8 | 10,171.47 | 8.44 | |
Sum | 31 | 120,453.30 | 100.00 |
Crop | Size of Shortages | The Range of Potential Capacity of a Drilled Well Entering the Main Usable Groundwater Level | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | 0 | 0–10 | 10–30 | 30–50 | 50–70 | >70 | |
Rye | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.4 | 33.5 | 18.7 | 8.7 |
Winter wheat | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
40–80 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.6 | 36.2 | 18.2 | 8.4 | |
Spring wheat | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.3 | 38.3 | 18.5 | 8.6 |
Spring barley | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 21.3 | 38.3 | 18.2 | 8.6 |
Late potato | 40–80 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.1 | 23.4 | 15.1 | 7.8 |
80–120 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 10.0 | 3.5 | 1.0 | |
Sugar beet | 40–80 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.7 | 36.1 | 17.8 | 8.4 |
Winter rape | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 24.9 | 43.2 | 22.3 | 9.3 |
Crop | Size of Shortages | The Range of Potential Capacity of a Drilled Well Entering the Main Usable Groundwater Level | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | 0 | 0–10 | 10–30 | 30–50 | 50–70 | >70 | |
Rye | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 0.4 |
40–80 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.2 | 29.5 | 15.5 | 8.4 | |
Winter wheat | 40–80 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 6.0 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 0.5 |
80–120 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.7 | 36.1 | 17.8 | 8.4 | |
Spring wheat | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
40–80 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.6 | 36.2 | 17.8 | 8.4 | |
Spring barley | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
40–80 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.7 | 36.1 | 17.8 | 8.4 | |
Late potato | 80–120 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 0.4 |
120–160 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.2 | 29.6 | 15.5 | 8.4 | |
Sugar beet | 80–120 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 16.6 | 29.2 | 14.7 | 7.5 |
120–160 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 3.2 | 0.9 | |
Winter rape | 0–40 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 24.9 | 43.2 | 22.3 | 9.3 |
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Cymes, I.; Dragańska, E.; Brodziński, Z. Potential Possibilities of Using Groundwater for Crop Irrigation in the Context of Climate Change. Agriculture 2022, 12, 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060739
Cymes I, Dragańska E, Brodziński Z. Potential Possibilities of Using Groundwater for Crop Irrigation in the Context of Climate Change. Agriculture. 2022; 12(6):739. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060739
Chicago/Turabian StyleCymes, Ireneusz, Ewa Dragańska, and Zbigniew Brodziński. 2022. "Potential Possibilities of Using Groundwater for Crop Irrigation in the Context of Climate Change" Agriculture 12, no. 6: 739. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060739