Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Bioactive Compounds and the Nutritional Value of Potato Tubers before and after Their Long-Term Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site and Design
2.2. Weather Conditions
2.3. Storage Conditions
2.4. Sample Preparation
2.5. Determination of Dry Matter
2.6. Determination of Starch
- C = concentration (g mL−1);
- α = optical rotation of the solution;
- [α]20D = specific rotation of hydrolyzed potato flour at 20 °C, which equals 181.8°;
- l = the polarimeter tube length (dm).
- C = concentration (g mL−1);
- Vext. = extraction volume (mL);
- W = weight of sample (kg).
2.7. Determination of Ascorbic Acid
- AA = ascorbic acid (mg kg−1 FM);
- VDIP = titration volume (Ml);
- F = titration volume for one mg ascorbic acid (mL mg−1 AA);
- W = weight of sample;
- D1 = dilution factor.
2.8. Determination of Sugars
2.9. Determination of Chlorogenic Acid
2.10. Determination of Total Polyphenols
2.11. Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity (FRAP)
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter and Starch Content after Harvest and Long-Term Storage
3.2. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Ascorbic Acid Concentration after Harvest and Long-Term Storage
3.3. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Monosaccharides, Saccharose and Total Sugar Concentration after Harvest and Long-Term Storage
3.4. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Total Polyphenols and Chlorogenic Acid Concentration after Harvest and Long-Term Storage
3.5. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Antioxidant Capacity (FRAP) after Harvest and Long-Term Storage
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 20.6 | 20.1 | −2.43 |
Fertigation | 21.5 | 20.5 | −4.88 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 21.8 | 21.0 | −3.68 |
Fertigation | 21.0 | 20.4 | −2.86 | |
Average for control | 21.05 | 20.25 | −3.69 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 21.40 | 20.65 | −3.28 | |
Average for broadcasting | 21.20 | 20.55 | −3.07 | |
Average for fertigation | 21.25 | 20.45 | −3.89 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.318 | 0.159 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | NS | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.459 | 0.229 |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 12.1 | 11.65 | −3.32 |
Fertigation | 12.7 | 12.05 | −4.74 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 13.0 | 12.50 | −3.85 |
Fertigation | 12.5 | 12.05 | −3.21 | |
Average for control | 12.40 | 11.85 | −4.05 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 12.85 | 12.28 | −3.54 | |
Average for broadcasting | 12.55 | 12.08 | −3.59 | |
Average for fertigation | 12.75 | 12.05 | −3.98 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.342 | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | NS | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.506 | 0.908 |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 215 | 159 | −25.4 |
Fertigation | 218 | 153 | −28.8 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 221 | 163 | −25.3 |
Fertigation | 228 | 167 | −25.2 | |
Average for control | 216.5 | 156.0 | −27.1 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 224.5 | 165.0 | −25.2 | |
Average for broadcasting | 218.0 | 161.0 | −25.3 | |
Average for fertigation | 223.0 | 160.0 | −27.0 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.286 | 0.318 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | 0.151 | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | NS | NS |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 1.25 | 3.13 | +150 |
Fertigation | 1.31 | 3.30 | +151 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 0.93 | 2.86 | +207 |
Fertigation | 0.90 | 2.82 | +213 | |
Average for control | 1.28 | 3.21 | +151 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 0.91 | 2.84 | +210 | |
Average for broadcasting | 1.09 | 3.00 | +179 | |
Average for fertigation | 1.10 | 3.06 | +183 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.032 | 0.021 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | NS | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.041 | NS |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 5.94 | 6.06 | +2.1 |
Fertigation | 6.49 | 6.21 | –4.2 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 7.59 | 6.98 | −8.0 |
Fertigation | 7.11 | 6.86 | −3.5 | |
Average for control | 6.21 | 6.14 | −1.1 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 7.35 | 6.92 | −5.7 | |
Average for broadcasting | 6.76 | 6.52 | −3.0 | |
Average for fertigation | 6.80 | 6.54 | −3.9 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.222 | 0.286 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | NS | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.214 | NS |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 7.50 | 9.51 | +26.8 |
Fertigation | 8.14 | 9.84 | +20.9 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 8.92 | 10.21 | +14.5 |
Fertigation | 8.38 | 10.04 | +19.8 | |
Average for control | 7.82 | 9.68 | +23.7 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 8.65 | 10.12 | +17.1 | |
Average for broadcasting | 8.21 | 9.86 | +20.1 | |
Average for fertigation | 8.26 | 9.94 | +20.3 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.159 | 0.032 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | NS | NS | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.151 | 0.133 |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 181.3 | 102.3 | −43.6 |
Fertigation | 186.3 | 111.5 | −40.2 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 169.4 | 103.4 | −39.0 |
Fertigation | 175.8 | 106.1 | −39.6 | |
Average for control | 183.8 | 106.9 | −41.8 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 172.6 | 104.8 | −39.3 | |
Average for broadcasting | 175.4 | 102.9 | −41.3 | |
Average for fertigation | 181.1 | 108.8 | −39.9 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.102 | 0.318 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | 0.304 | 0.444 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.304 | 0.506 |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 148.5 | 98.6 | −33.6 |
Fertigation | 151.6 | 100.4 | −33.8 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 139.2 | 94.1 | −32.4 |
Fertigation | 146.3 | 90.3 | −38.3 | |
Average for control | 150.0 | 106.9 | −33.7 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 142.7 | 104.8 | −35.4 | |
Average for broadcasting | 143.8 | 102.9 | −33.0 | |
Average for fertigation | 148.9 | 108.8 | −36.0 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.51 | 1.59 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | 0.59 | 1.69 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.71 | 1.52 |
Irrigation (I) | Nitrogen Fertilization (II) | After Harvest | After Storage | Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Without irrigation (Control) | Broadcasting | 7.72 | 6.21 | −19.6 |
Fertigation | 8.15 | 6.98 | −14.4 | |
Drip irrigation | Broadcasting | 9.54 | 7.54 | −21.0 |
Fertigation | 9.91 | 7.89 | −20.4 | |
Average for control | 7.94 | 6.59 | −16.9 | |
Average for drip irrigation | 9.72 | 7.72 | −20.7 | |
Average for broadcasting | 8.63 | 6.88 | −20.3 | |
Average for fertigation | 9.03 | 7.43 | −17.7 | |
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Irrigation (I) | 0.095 | 0.095 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 Nitrogen fertilization (II) | 0.034 | 0.039 | ||
LSDp ≤ 0.05 I × II | 0.091 | 0.091 |
Antioxidant Capacity | Ascorbic Acid | Total Polyphenols | Chlorogenic Acid |
---|---|---|---|
After harvest | 0.87 ** | −0.77 ** | −0.77 ** |
After storage | 0.64 ** | NS | −0.81 ** |
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Wichrowska, D.; Rolbiecki, R.; Rolbiecki, S.; Sadan, H.A.; Figas, A.; Jagosz, B.; Atilgan, A.; Pal-Fam, F. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Bioactive Compounds and the Nutritional Value of Potato Tubers before and after Their Long-Term Storage. Agriculture 2021, 11, 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111076
Wichrowska D, Rolbiecki R, Rolbiecki S, Sadan HA, Figas A, Jagosz B, Atilgan A, Pal-Fam F. Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Bioactive Compounds and the Nutritional Value of Potato Tubers before and after Their Long-Term Storage. Agriculture. 2021; 11(11):1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111076
Chicago/Turabian StyleWichrowska, Dorota, Roman Rolbiecki, Stanisław Rolbiecki, Hicran A. Sadan, Anna Figas, Barbara Jagosz, Atilgan Atilgan, and Ferenc Pal-Fam. 2021. "Effect of Drip Fertigation with Nitrogen Application on Bioactive Compounds and the Nutritional Value of Potato Tubers before and after Their Long-Term Storage" Agriculture 11, no. 11: 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111076