Perinatal Predictors of Postpartum Depression: Results of a Retrospective Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Method
2.1. The Aim of the Study
- What demographic variables are correlated with the risk of developing depressive disorders after delivery?
- What variables in the obstetric and gynecological history are correlated with the risk of developing depressive disorders after delivery?
- What anti-health behaviors (tobacco smoking) declared by women are associated with the risk of developing depressive disorders after delivery?
- Are psychological problems declared by women before and during pregnancy associated with the risk of developing depressive disorders after delivery?
2.2. Material
2.3. Research Tool Description
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Current Pregnancy History
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths of the Study
- The paper is a result of the analysis of material obtained in the course of reviewing medical records of a large group of women (604 individuals).
- The assessment of the risk of developing postpartum mood disorders was performed with the use of a widely known and most commonly used tool in this aspect, i.e., Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), which makes the result comparable with the results obtained by other authors.
- A high number of analyzed case histories facilitated the selection of two groups (the study and control group). Therefore, it was possible to perform comparative analyses.
4.2. Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N | % |
---|---|---|
Education | ||
Primary or vocational | 7 | 4.7% |
Secondary | 43 | 28.9% |
Tertiary | 100 | 66.4% |
Marital Status | ||
Married | 124 | 83% |
Unmarried | 23 | 15% |
Divorced | 3 | 2% |
Place of Residence | ||
City | 82 | 54.7% |
Town | 38 | 25.3% |
Village | 30 | 2% |
EPDS | N | Mean | Standard Deviation | Z | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gestational week | high | 75 | 37.49 | 4.476 | −2.896 | 0.004 |
low | 75 | 39.21 | 1.891 | |||
Gravidity | high | 75 | 1.55 | 0.874 | −2.175 | 0.03 |
low | 75 | 1.85 | 0.982 | |||
Parity | high | 75 | 1.40 | 0.771 | −1.948 | 0.05 |
low | 75 | 1,59 | 0.773 |
EDPS | Chi-Square | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Low | |||||
PROM | 0 | N | 25 | 32 | 0.499 | 0.480 |
% | 58.1% | 65.3% | ||||
1 | N | 18 | 17 | |||
% | 41.9% | 34.7% |
EDPS | Chi-Square | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Low | |||||
Diseases and defects | No diseases or congenital defects | N | 42 | 52 | 4.177 | 0.124 |
% | 56% | 69.3% | ||||
A congenital defect in the neonate | N | 12 | 5 | |||
% | 16% | 6.7% | ||||
A disease in the neonate (no congenital defects) | N | 21 | 18 | |||
% | 28% | 24% |
EDPS | Z | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Low | |||||
Smoking | No | N | 64 | 68 | 1.72 | 0.190 |
% | 90.1% | 95.8% | ||||
Yes | N | 7 | 3 | |||
% | 9.9% | 4.2% |
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Banasiewicz, J.; Zaręba, K.; Bińkowska, M.; Rozenek, H.; Wójtowicz, S.; Jakiel, G. Perinatal Predictors of Postpartum Depression: Results of a Retrospective Comparative Study. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092952
Banasiewicz J, Zaręba K, Bińkowska M, Rozenek H, Wójtowicz S, Jakiel G. Perinatal Predictors of Postpartum Depression: Results of a Retrospective Comparative Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092952
Chicago/Turabian StyleBanasiewicz, Jolanta, Kornelia Zaręba, Małgorzata Bińkowska, Hanna Rozenek, Stanisław Wójtowicz, and Grzegorz Jakiel. 2020. "Perinatal Predictors of Postpartum Depression: Results of a Retrospective Comparative Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2952. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092952