Microbial Analysis of Saliva to Identify Oral Diseases Using a Point-of-Care Compatible qPCR Assay
by
Pune N. Paqué 1,*,†
, 
Christopher Herz 2,†, 
Joël S. Jenzer 1, Daniel B. Wiedemeier 3, Thomas Attin 1, Nagihan Bostanci 4, Georgios N. Belibasakis 4, Kai Bao 4, Philipp Körner 1, Tanja Fritz 2, Julia Prinz 2, Patrick R. Schmidlin 1, Thomas Thurnheer 1, Florian J. Wegehaupt 1, Konstantinos Mitsakakis 5,6 and Johannes R. Peham 2
Pune N. Paqué 1,*,†, Christopher Herz 2,†, Joël S. Jenzer 1, Daniel B. Wiedemeier 3, Thomas Attin 1, Nagihan Bostanci 4, Georgios N. Belibasakis 4, Kai Bao 4, Philipp Körner 1, Tanja Fritz 2, Julia Prinz 2, Patrick R. Schmidlin 1, Thomas Thurnheer 1, Florian J. Wegehaupt 1, Konstantinos Mitsakakis 5,6 and Johannes R. Peham 2
1
Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
2
Austrian Institute of Technology, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Wien, Austria
3
Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
4
Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden
5
Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
6
Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK—Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Shared co-first authorship: These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(9), 2945; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092945
Received: 3 August 2020 / Revised: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 / Published: 11 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease)
Oral health is maintained by a healthy microbiome, which can be monitored by state-of-the art diagnostics. Therefore, this study evaluated the presence and quantity of ten oral disease-associated taxa (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, C. rectus, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, oral associated Lactobacilli) in saliva and their clinical status association in 214 individuals. Upon clinical examination, study subjects were grouped into healthy, caries and periodontitis and their saliva was collected. A highly specific point-of-care compatible dual color qPCR assay was developed and used to study the above-mentioned bacteria of interest in the collected saliva. Assay performance was compared to a commercially available microbial reference test. Eight out of ten taxa that were investigated during this study were strong discriminators between the periodontitis and healthy groups: C. rectus, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, S. mutans, F. nucleatum, T. denticola, P. intermedia and oral Lactobacilli (p < 0.05). Significant differentiation between the periodontitis and caries group microbiome was only shown for S. mutans (p < 0.05). A clear distinction between oral health and disease was enabled by the analysis of quantitative qPCR data of target taxa levels in saliva.
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Keywords:
point of care; caries; periodontitis; oral health; saliva diagnostics; oral pathogens
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MDPI and ACS Style
Paqué, P.N.; Herz, C.; Jenzer, J.S.; Wiedemeier, D.B.; Attin, T.; Bostanci, N.; Belibasakis, G.N.; Bao, K.; Körner, P.; Fritz, T.; Prinz, J.; Schmidlin, P.R.; Thurnheer, T.; Wegehaupt, F.J.; Mitsakakis, K.; Peham, J.R. Microbial Analysis of Saliva to Identify Oral Diseases Using a Point-of-Care Compatible qPCR Assay. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2945.
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