Understanding the Relationship between Glutathione, TGF-β, and Vitamin D in Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections
Abstract
:1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Host Immune Responses
1.1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
1.2. Cytokines Profile in the Immune Response to M. tb
1.3. The Role of Glutathione, TGF-B, and Vitamin D in the Immune Response
1.4. Clinical Significance
2. The Effects of Glutathione on the Immune System
2.1. The Role of GSH in Maintaining Cellular Redox Homeostasis
2.2. Immunomodulatory Effects of GSH
3. TGF-β in the Immune Responses
3.1. Activation of TGF-β
3.2. TGF-β and GSH
3.3. TGF-β and Tuberculosis
4. Vitamin D, TB, and the Immune Responses
4.1. Cellular and Immunological Response to Vitamin D
4.2. Vitamin D and TB
5. HIV and TB
GSH Supplementation in Increasing Cytokine Production in HIV Patients
6. Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and TB
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Singh, M.; Vaughn, C.; Sasaninia, K.; Yeh, C.; Mehta, D.; Khieran, I.; Venketaraman, V. Understanding the Relationship between Glutathione, TGF-β, and Vitamin D in Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2757. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092757
Singh M, Vaughn C, Sasaninia K, Yeh C, Mehta D, Khieran I, Venketaraman V. Understanding the Relationship between Glutathione, TGF-β, and Vitamin D in Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2757. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092757
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingh, Mohkam, Charles Vaughn, Kayvan Sasaninia, Christopher Yeh, Devanshi Mehta, Ibrahim Khieran, and Vishwanath Venketaraman. 2020. "Understanding the Relationship between Glutathione, TGF-β, and Vitamin D in Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2757. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092757