Neutrophil Phenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Study Design
2.2. Blood Samples, Sera and Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP) Preparation, Laboratory Measurements
2.3. Normal and Low-Density Neutrophil Phenotyping
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics, Inflammatory and Conventional Neutrophil Markers
3.2. Neutrophil Phenotypes in ACS
3.3. Neutrophil Markers in ACS
3.4. Evolution of Neutrophil Markers during Follow-Up
4. Discussion
4.1. Neutrophil Phenotypes in ACS
4.2. Soluble Neutrophil Markers in ACS
4.3. Neutrophil Dynamics after ACS
4.4. Clinical Implications
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stable n = 37 | UA n = 19 | NSTEMI n = 25 | STEMI n = 27 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 69 ± 9 | 67 ± 11 | 63 ± 12 | 64 ± 10 | 0.081 |
Male gender, n (%) | 25 (67.6) | 17 (89.5) | 19 (76) | 20 (74.1) | 0.356 |
Smoking, n (%) | 24 (64.9) | 12 (63.2) | 15 (60) | 22 (81.5) | 0.343 |
Body mass index | 27.8 (25.3–31.0) | 28.7 (24.6–34.3) | 26.8 (25.4–29.7) | 26.9 (24.2–31.0) | 0.616 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 29 (78.4) | 16 (84.2) | 14 (56) | 18 (66.7) | 0.133 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 25 (67.6) | 13 (68.4) | 13 (52) | 13 (48.1) | 0.302 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 13 (35.1) | 8 (42.1) | 5 (20) | 8 (29.6) | 0.425 |
Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 5 (13.5) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (4) | 4 (14.8) | 0.530 |
Chronic inflammatory disease, n (%) | 7 (18.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 4 (14.8) | 0.107 |
Active cancer, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (8) | 4 (14.8) | 0.069 |
History of DVT, n (%) | 2 (5.4) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.4) | 0.669 |
History of stroke, n (%) | 4 (10.8) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.086 |
History of MI, n (%) | 11 (29.7) | 4 (21.1) | 1 (4) | 7 (25.9) | 0.095 |
History of CABG, n (%) | 6 (16.2) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (12) | 1 (3.7) | 0.475 |
History of PCI, n (%) | 12 (32.4) | 10 (52.6) | 5 (20) | 8 (29.6) | 0.145 |
Aspirin, n (%) | 31 (83.8) | 15 (78.9) | 9 (36) | 15 (55.6) | 0.0005 |
DAPT, n (%) | 5 (13.5) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (12) | 3 (11.1) | 0.886 |
Anticoagulant, n (%) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 0.878 |
Lipid-lowering drug, n (%) | 28 (75.7) | 14 (73.7) | 8 (32) | 12 (44.4) | 0.001 |
hs-cTnT (ng/L) | 13 (8–23) | 16 (10–20) | 689 (303–1304) a,b | 293 (19–1438) a,b | <0.0001 |
CK-MB (μg/L) | 2.80 (2.00–4.50) | 2.50 (1.80–3.50) | 22.50 (14.80-60.00) a,b | 4.94 (2.50–47.56) a,b | <0.0001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.00 (0.88–1.23) | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 0.95 (0.86–1.13) | 0.207 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 155 (138–181) | 142 (126–208) | 170 (143–211) | 181 (142–195) | 0.299 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 87 (68–106) | 78 (72–127) | 109 (91–137) | 111 (73–143) | 0.052 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 44 (36–53) | 35 (29–45) | 39 (34–48) | 39 (34–49) | 0.162 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 113 (88–180) | 139 (100–197) | 136 (101–165) | 82 (62–114) b,c | 0.003 |
Apo A-I (g/dL) | 1.32 (1.11–1.48) | 1.14 (1.03–1.40) | 1.29 (1.14–1.44) | 1.21 (1.08–1.40) | 0.497 |
Apo B (g/dL) | 0.77 (0.61–0.90) | 0.79 (0.74–1.05) | 0.95 (0.85–1.08) | 0.91 (0.70–1.07) | 0.081 |
Lipoprotein (a) (nmol/L) | 15 (8–70) | 35 (10–118) | 33 (10–135) | 25 (9–116) | 0.727 |
PCSK9 (pg/mL) | 45514 (29768–85118) | 55279 (23275–74669) | 58512 (27008–78619) | 76762 (33957–127092) | 0.307 |
Stable n = 37 | UA n = 19 | NSTEMI n = 25 | STEMI n = 27 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lymphocyte count (1000/μL) | 1.41 (1.06–1.77) | 1.82 (0.95–2.24) | 1.79 (1.39–2.20) | 1.54 (1.20-2.13) | 0.185 |
Monocyte count (1000/μL) | 0.46 (0.33–0.58) | 0.53 (0.39–0.76) | 0.73 (0.59–0.92) a | 0.64 (0.46-0.86) | <0.0001 |
Neutrophil count (1000/μL) | 3.0 (2.1–4.5) | 3.9 (2.5–5.2) | 5.8 (4.6–8.3) a,b | 7.4 (6.4-9.7) a,b | <0.0001 |
Eosinophil count (1000/μL) | 0.12 (0.06–0.25) | 0.12 (0.05–0.24) | 0.06 (0.04–0.13) | 0.07 (0.04-0.13) | 0.094 |
Basophil count (1000/μL) | 0.05 (0.04–0.08) | 0.06 (0.04–0.07) | 0.06 (0.04–0.08) | 0.06 (0.04–0.07) | 0.98 |
Haematocrit (%) | 42 (41–47) | 44 (41–48) | 45 (42–48) | 42 (38–47) | 0.346 |
Platelet count (1000/μL) | 255 ± 71 | 243 ± 63 | 247 ± 81 | 279 ± 72 | 0.309 |
Mean platelet volume (fL) | 7.8 (7.4–8.3) | 7.8 (7.6–8.8) | 7.8 (7.1–8.3) | 7.6 (7.0–8.5) | 0.455 |
NLR | 2.3 (1.8–3.2) | 2.2 (1.7–3.1) | 3.7 (2.3–5.3) a | 4.9 (2.7–7.5) a,b | <0.0001 |
PLR | 157 (141–244) | 138 (112–239) | 144 (119–170) | 174 (122–209) | 0.212 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.93 (0.84–6.87) | 1.26 (0.58–4.51) | 6.09 (2.62–19.55) | 2.51 (0.68–13.22) | 0.082 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.7 (0.4–3.4) | 0.7 (0.2–1.5) | 2.8 (0.9–13.0) | 3.0 (0.8–12.3) | 0.033 |
S100A9 (pg/mL) | 213 (142–399) | 250 (126–361) | 273 (213–466) | 431 (292–621) a,b | 0.008 |
Active MPO (ng/mL) | 1.5 (1.2–3.2) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 2.0 (1.5–3.2) | 8.4 (4.9–13.2) a,b,c | <0.0001 |
Total MPO (ng/mL) | 4.1 (2.9–7.2) | 3.7 (2.6–5.5) | 5.7 (4.1–8.1) | 23.6 (18.6–27.0) a,b,c | <0.0001 |
Nucleosomes (AU) | 0.04 (0.02–0.11) | 0.03 (0.02–0.06) | 0.06 (0.04–0.15) | 0.09 (0.05–0.22) a,b | 0.006 |
Stable (n = 37) | UA (n = 19) | NSTEMI (n = 25) | STEMI (n = 27) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDN | |||||
SSC | 67,704 (61,896–74,737) | 68,632 (63,191–76,788) | 83,690 (72,344–99,563) a,b | 72,985 (64,586–92,739) | 0.034 |
FSC | 100,264 (90,863–111,559) | 98,243 (92,717–108,761) | 119,603 (104,467–130,478) | 105,721 (90,881–120,638) | 0.108 |
CD11b (MFI) | 12,108 ± 4070 | 12,236 ± 4527 | 13,798 ± 4300 | 14,150 ± 3541 | 0.215 |
CD10 (MFI) | 12,254 ± 3501 | 12,840 ± 3353 | 12,170 ± 3931 | 11,756 ± 4358 | 0.463 |
CD16 (MFI) | 94,082 (83,307–137,384) | 97,458 (74,226–113,011) | 82,009 (65,544–102,078) | 83,194 (65,209–108,398) | 0.344 |
Band cells (%) | 0.03 (0.01–0.08) | 0.01 (0.00–0.06) | 0.02 (0.01–0.09) | 0.11 (0.03–0.36) a,b | 0.019 |
LDN | |||||
% in PBMC | 0.86 (0.36–1.80) | 0.88 (0.39–1.77) | 0.95 (0.38–2.10) | 1.53 (0.57–6.69) | 0.272 |
Band cells (%) | 2.5 (1.2–6.8) | 2.7 (1.0–6.5) | 2.7 (1.8–7.3) | 9.5 (4.0–13.7) a,b,c | 0.007 |
Variable | Comparison | Unit | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
hs-cTnT (ng/L) | NSTEMI vs. Stable | 10 | 1.062 (1.020–1.105) | 0.003 |
STEMI vs. Stable | 10 | 1.061 (1.019–1.104) | 0.004 | |
Unstable vs. Stable | 10 | 0.953 (0.824–1.103) | 0.288 | |
NSTEMI vs. Unstable | 10 | 1.114 (0.961–1.291) | 0.152 | |
STEMI vs. Unstable | 10 | 1.113 (0.960-1.290) | 0.156 | |
NSTEMI vs. STEMI | 10 | 0.999 (0.994–1.004) | 0.722 | |
Total MPO (ng/mL) | NSTEMI vs. Stable | 1 | 1.182 (0.919–1.519) | 0.193 |
STEMI vs. Stable | 1 | 1.434 (1.119–1.837) | <0.0001 | |
Unstable vs. Stable | 1 | 0.975 (0.857–1.11) | 0.703 | |
NSTEMI vs. Unstable | 1 | 1.212 (0.942–1.559) | 0.135 | |
STEMI vs. Unstable | 1 | 1.47 (1.146–1.886) | 0.002 | |
STEMI vs. NSTEMI | 1 | 1.213 (1.100–1.338) | 0.0001 | |
HDN SSC | NSTEMI vs. Stable | 10000 | 3.828 (1.033–14.184) | 0.045 |
STEMI vs. Stable | 10000 | 3.029 (0.899–10.202) | 0.074 | |
Unstable vs. Stable | 10000 | 1.101 (0.603–2.007) | 0.755 | |
NSTEMI vs. Unstable | 10000 | 3.478 (0.990–12.217) | 0.052 | |
STEMI vs. Unstable | 10000 | 2.752 (0.843–8.977) | 0.094 | |
STEMI vs. NSTEMI | 10000 | 0.791 (0.423–1.478) | 0.462 |
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Maréchal, P.; Tridetti, J.; Nguyen, M.-L.; Wéra, O.; Jiang, Z.; Gustin, M.; Donneau, A.-F.; Oury, C.; Lancellotti, P. Neutrophil Phenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051602
Maréchal P, Tridetti J, Nguyen M-L, Wéra O, Jiang Z, Gustin M, Donneau A-F, Oury C, Lancellotti P. Neutrophil Phenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(5):1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051602
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaréchal, Patrick, Julien Tridetti, Mai-Linh Nguyen, Odile Wéra, Zheshen Jiang, Maxime Gustin, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Cécile Oury, and Patrizio Lancellotti. 2020. "Neutrophil Phenotypes in Coronary Artery Disease" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5: 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051602