The Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Intervention Program on Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Intervention
2.3. Cognitive Function
2.4. EEG Recording and Data Acquisition
2.5. Physical Function
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
3.1. EEG
3.1.1. Band Power
3.1.2. Power Ratio
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | VR Intervention | Control |
---|---|---|
n (male) | 34 (6) | 34 (10) |
Age (years) | 72.6 ± 5.4 | 72.7 ± 5.6 |
Education (years) | 9.3 ± 4.0 | 8.4 ± 3.5 |
Height (m) | 1.58 ± 0.08 | 1.58 ± 0.08 |
No. of medication intake (n) | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.12 ± 1.4 |
Weight (kg) | 60.7 ± 9.8 | 61.3 ± 9.1 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.0 | 24.5 ± 2.7 |
SBP (mg/hg) | 129.6 ± 15.8 | 129.6 ± 17.9 |
DBP (mg/hg) | 74.8 ± 11.3 | 69.5 ± 11.8 |
Grip strength (kg) | 22.2 ± 6.3 | 23.4 ± 5.7 |
Gait speed (s) | 1.15 ± 0.33 | 1.18 ± 0.21 |
8-feet Up and Go (s) | 6.27 ± 1.48 | 7.04 ± 2.02 |
MMSE (score) | 26.0 ± 1.8 | 26.3 ± 3.3 |
TMT A (s) | 26.3 ± 7.3 | 27.9 ± 9.2 |
TMT B (s) | 56.6 ± 25.0 | 58.5 ± 28.1 |
SDST (score) | 33.4 ± 9.0 | 32.4 ± 8.2 |
Variables | VR Intervention | Control | Group x Time Interaction | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Follow Up | p-Value a | Baseline | Follow Up | p-Value a | p-Value b | Effect Size | |
Grip strength (kg) | 22.2 ± 6.3 | 24.4 ± 5.3 | 0.03 | 23.4 ± 5.7 | 23.9 ± 5.7 | n.s. | n.s. | - |
Gait speed (m/s) | 1.15 ± 0.33 | 1.19 ± 0.37 | 0.04 | 1.18 ± 0.21 | 1.12 ± 0.26 * | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.143 |
8-feet Up and go (s) | 6.77 ± 1.48 | 6.32 ± 1.92 | 0.02 | 7.04 ± 2.02 | 7.06 ± 1.87 * | n.s. | 0.03 | 0.107 |
MMSE (score) | 26.0 ± 1.8 | 26.9 ± 2.0 | n.s. | 26.3 ± 3.3 | 26.4 ± 2.7 | n.s. | n.s. | - |
TMT A (s) | 26.3 ±7.3 | 24.2 ± 5.3 | 0.04 | 27.9 ± 9.2 | 27.8 ± 8.1 | n.s. | n.s. | - |
TMT B (s) | 56.6 ± 25.0 | 51.3 ± 24.8 | 0.03 | 58.5 ± 28.1 | 63.2 ± 25.1 * | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.208 |
SDST (score) | 33.4 ± 9.0 | 39.6 ± 9.5 | 0.02 | 32.4 ± 8.2 | 21.8 ± 8.2 | < 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.264 |
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Thapa, N.; Park, H.J.; Yang, J.-G.; Son, H.; Jang, M.; Lee, J.; Kang, S.W.; Park, K.W.; Park, H. The Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Intervention Program on Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051283
Thapa N, Park HJ, Yang J-G, Son H, Jang M, Lee J, Kang SW, Park KW, Park H. The Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Intervention Program on Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(5):1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051283
Chicago/Turabian StyleThapa, Ngeemasara, Hye Jin Park, Ja-Gyeong Yang, Haeun Son, Minwoo Jang, Jihyeon Lee, Seung Wan Kang, Kyung Won Park, and Hyuntae Park. 2020. "The Effect of a Virtual Reality-Based Intervention Program on Cognition in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5: 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051283