Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and ABO Blood Group in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Patients
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Patient Enrollment
2.2. Definitions
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2. Occurrence and Presentation of COVID-19
3.3. COVID-19, Hospitalizations and Mortality
3.4. COVID-19 and ABO blood group
3.5. Predictors of COVID-19
3.6. Predictors of Severe COVID-19
4. Discussion
4.1. Prevalence of COVID-19
4.2. ABO Blood Group and COVID-19
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Characteristics | Entire Cohort (n = 702) | COVID-19 (n = 22) | No COVID-19 (n = 680) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 82 ± 6.9 | 82 ± 8.4 | 82 ± 6.9 | 0.961 |
Male sex–n (%) | 313 (44) | 7 (31.8) | 306 (45) | 0.220 |
STS score–% | 5.9 ± 4.9 | 5.5 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 5.0 | 0.757 |
Cardiovascular risk factors–n (%) | ||||
Current smoking | 26 (3.7) | 1 (4.5) | 25 (3.7) | 0.832 |
Hypertension | 587 (83.6) | 18 (81.8) | 569 (83.7) | 0.817 |
Obesity (Body mass index > 30 kg/m2) | 183 (26.1) | 6 (27.3) | 177 (26.1) | 0.899 |
Dyslipidemia | 428 (61) | 12 (54.5) | 416 (61.2) | 0.530 |
Diabetes | 213 (30.3) | 6 (27.3) | 207 (30.4) | 0.750 |
Comorbidities–n (%) | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 318 (45.3) | 12 (54.5) | 306 (45.0) | 0.376 |
Congestive heart failure | 252 (35.9) | 6 (27.3) | 246 (36.5) | 0.392 |
Stroke | 98 (14) | 3 (13.6) | 95 (14.0) | 0.964 |
Atrial fibrillation | 283 (40.3) | 6 (27.3) | 277 (40.7) | 0.205 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 191 (27.2) | 5 (22.7) | 186 (27.4) | 0.631 |
COPD | 82 (11.7) | 3 (13.6) | 79 (11.6) | 0.740 |
Prior cancer | 189 (26.9) | 10 (45.5) | 179 (26.3) | 0.053 |
CKD (Creatinine levels > 130 μmol/L) | 115 (16.5) | 4 (18.2) | 111 (16.4) | 0.824 |
LVEF after TAVR–% | 56 ± 11 | 56 ± 12 | 56 ± 11 | 0.902 |
Treatment at time of follow up–n (%) | ||||
Aspirin | 365 (53.3) | 13 (59.1) | 352 (53.1) | 0.579 |
P2Y12 inhibitors | ||||
VKA | 144 (21.0) | 4 (18.2) | 140 (21.1) | 0.740 |
DOAC | 175 (25.5) | 6 (27.3) | 169 (25.5) | 0.850 |
ACE-i/ARB | 335 (48.9) | 12 (54.5) | 323 (48.7) | 0.591 |
Statins | 344 (50.2) | 9 (40.9) | 335 (50.5) | 0.375 |
Amiodarone | 101 (14.7) | 2 (9.1) | 99 (14.9) | 0.447 |
ABO blood type–n (%) | ||||
A | 299 (42.6) | 18 (81.8) | 281 (41.3) | 0.002 |
B | 63 (9) | 0 (0) | 63 (9.3) | |
AB | 20 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 20 (2.9) | |
O | 320 (45.6) | 4 (18.2) | 316 (46.5) | |
Rhesus positive (Rh+)–n (%) | 352 (58.6) | 11 (68.8) | 341 (58.3) | 0.402 |
Blood type–no. (%) | ||||
A Rh- | 87 (12.4) | 3 (13.6) | 84 (12.4) | 0.027 |
A Rh+ | 212 (30.2) | 15 (68.2) | 197 (29.0) | |
AB Rh- | 8 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 8 (1.2) | |
AB Rh+ | 17 (2.4) | 0 (0) | 17 (2.5) | |
B Rh- | 14 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 14 (2.1) | |
B Rh+ | 49 (7.0) | 0 (0) | 49 (7.2) | |
O Rh- | 74 (10.5) | 1 (4.5) | 73 (10.7) | |
O Rh+ | 154 (21.9) | 2 (9.1) | 152 (22.4) | |
Missing | 87 (12.4) | 1 (4.5) | 86 (12.6) |
Entire Cohort (n = 702) | COVID-19 (n = 22) | No COVID-19 (n = 680) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hospitalization–n (%) | 25 (3.6) | 13 (59.1) | 12 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
Conventional unit | 22 (3.2) | 10 (45.5) | 12 (1.8) | <0.0001 |
Intensive care unit | 3 (0.44) | 3 (13.6) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
Mortality from January 1, 2020–n (%) | ||||
All-cause mortality | 48 (6.8) | 10 (45.5) | 38 (5.6) | <0.0001 |
Cardiovascular mortality | 20 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 20 (2.8) | 0.414 |
COVID-19 mortality | 10 (1.5) | 10 (45.5) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
COVID-19 severity–n (%) | ||||
COVID-19 related hospitalization or death | 14 (2.0) | 14 (63.6) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Age | 0.99 | 0.94–1.06 | 0.610 | |||
Male sex | 0.57 | 0.23–1.42 | 0.226 | |||
Diabetes | 0.86 | 0.33–2.22 | 0.751 | |||
Obesity | 0.89 | 0.41–2.76 | 0.899 | |||
Hypertension | 0.89 | 0.29–2.64 | 0.817 | |||
Dyslipidemia | 0.76 | 0.32–1.79 | 0.531 | |||
Current smoking | 0.83 | 0.16–9.65 | 0.832 | |||
Atrial fibrillation | 0.55 | 0.21–1.41 | 0.212 | |||
Peripheral artery disease | 0.78 | 0.28–2.15 | 0.632 | |||
CKD (Creatinine levels > 130 umol/L) | 1.13 | 0.38–3.41 | 0.703 | |||
Prior cancer | 2.33 | 0.99–5.49 | 0.053 | 2.28 | 0.96–5.43 | 0.062 |
ACE-i/ARBs | 1.26 | 0.54–2.96 | 0.591 | |||
P2Y12 inhibitors | 0.70 | 0.09–5.37 | 0.736 | |||
Aspirin | 1.28 | 0.54–3.03 | 0.580 | |||
Statins | 0.68 | 0.29–1.61 | 0.377 | |||
A blood group | 6.29 | 2.14–19.08 | 0.001 | 6.32 | 2.11–18.92 | 0.001 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Age | 0.98 | 0.92–1.05 | 0.649 | |||
Sex (male) | 0.68 | 0.23–2.07 | 0.502 | |||
Diabetes | 1.74 | 0.59–5.09 | 0.309 | |||
Obesity | 0.77 | 0.21–2.78 | 0.688 | |||
Hypertension | 0.71 | 0.19–2.59 | 0.608 | |||
Dyslipidemia | 0.85 | 0.29–2.48 | 0.767 | |||
Atrial fibrillation | 0.57 | 0.18–1.69 | 0.371 | |||
Peripheral artery disease | 1.07 | 0.33–3.47 | 0.908 | |||
CKD (Cr > 130 umol/L) | 2.07 | 0.64–6.71 | 0.226 | |||
Coronary artery disease | 1.63 | 0.56–4.74 | 0.373 | |||
Heart failure | 0.71 | 0.22–2.29 | 0.566 | |||
COPD | 1.26 | 0.28–5.75 | 0.761 | |||
Stroke | 1.03 | 0.23–4.66 | 0.972 | |||
Prior cancer | 5.08 | 1.68–15.34 | 0.004 | 4.99 | 1.64–15.27 | 0.005 |
A blood group | 8.38 | 1.86–37.74 | 0.006 | 8.27 | 1.83–37.43 | 0.006 |
O blood group | 0.19 | 0.04–0.87 | 0.033 | |||
Aspirin | 0.87 | 0.30–2.52 | 0.804 | |||
ACE-i/ARB | 1.05 | 0.36–3.01 | 0.934 | |||
Statins | 0.74 | 0.25–2.15 | 0.579 |
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Kibler, M.; Dietrich, L.; Kanso, M.; Carmona, A.; Marchandot, B.; Matsushita, K.; Trimaille, A.; How-Choong, C.; Odier, A.; Gennesseaux, G.; et al. Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and ABO Blood Group in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113769
Kibler M, Dietrich L, Kanso M, Carmona A, Marchandot B, Matsushita K, Trimaille A, How-Choong C, Odier A, Gennesseaux G, et al. Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and ABO Blood Group in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(11):3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113769
Chicago/Turabian StyleKibler, Marion, Laurent Dietrich, Mohamad Kanso, Adrien Carmona, Benjamin Marchandot, Kensuke Matsushita, Antonin Trimaille, Cécile How-Choong, Albane Odier, Gabrielle Gennesseaux, and et al. 2020. "Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and ABO Blood Group in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11: 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113769
APA StyleKibler, M., Dietrich, L., Kanso, M., Carmona, A., Marchandot, B., Matsushita, K., Trimaille, A., How-Choong, C., Odier, A., Gennesseaux, G., Schramm, O., Reydel, A., Hess, S., Sato, C., Caillard, S., Jesel, L., Morel, O., & Ohlmann, P. (2020). Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and ABO Blood Group in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(11), 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113769