Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Samples
2.2. Surgical Procedures
- Group A and C (undersized drilling protocol): 3.2 drill and tap drill were subsequently used for the preparation of the coronal 1.5 mm, in order to favor the engagement of the first threads during the implant installment.
- Group B and D (non-undersized drilling protocol): 3.2 drill and tap drill were subsequently used for the entire thickness of the cortical bone.
2.3. Temperature Measurement
2.4. Preparation of Samples
2.5. Histomorphometric Analysis
- Bone-to-implant contact (BIC): On each side of the implant, the percentage of the bone in direct contact with the implant surface in the entire length of the implant placed in the bone was calculated. The mean value of the two sides was used for each implant.
- Bone Area Fraction Occupancy (BAFO): On each side of the implant, the percentage of the area within the implant threads occupied by visibly distinguishable bone was calculated. The mean value of the two sides was used for each implant.
- Bone Area Fraction Occupancy up to 1.5 mm (BA1.5): On each side of the implant a region of interest up to 1.5 mm from the implant outer diameter line was considered (Figure 1c). The percentage of the area occupied by visibly distinguishable bone was calculated. The mean value of the two sides was used for each implant.
2.6. Finite Element Model
2.7. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. ITV, General Healing and Temperature
3.2. Histomorphometric Parameters
3.3. Finite Element Model
4. Discussion
4.1. Bone Temperature
4.2. Drilling Protocol
4.3. Surface
4.4. Clinical Applications and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drilling Protocol | Implant Surface | |
---|---|---|
Group A (n = 10) | Undersized | Moderately rough |
Group B (n = 10) | Non-undersized | Moderately rough |
Group C (n = 10) | Undersized | Turned |
Group D (n = 10) | Non-undersized | Turned |
Basal Temperature | Maximum Temperature | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Max | Min | Mean | SD | Max | Min | |
Group A | 31.3 | 2.3 | 34.5 | 28.4 | 39.6 | 3.3 | 45.3 | 34.7 |
Group B | 31.0 | 3.4 | 34.7 | 23.7 | 36.0 | 3.4 | 41.5 | 28.6 |
Group C | 31.0 | 3.3 | 34.0 | 23.6 | 39.1 | 3.7 | 44.0 | 33.4 |
Group D | 31.3 | 2.3 | 34.2 | 27.5 | 36.4 | 1.8 | 39.9 | 33.6 |
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Stocchero, M.; Jinno, Y.; Toia, M.; Ahmad, M.; Papia, E.; Yamaguchi, S.; Becktor, J.P. Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081198
Stocchero M, Jinno Y, Toia M, Ahmad M, Papia E, Yamaguchi S, Becktor JP. Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(8):1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081198
Chicago/Turabian StyleStocchero, Michele, Yohei Jinno, Marco Toia, Marianne Ahmad, Evaggelia Papia, Satoshi Yamaguchi, and Jonas P. Becktor. 2019. "Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8: 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081198