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Article

Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part II: Copper and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Compared to Titanium at 10 and 28 Days in Rabbit Tibia

by
Ricardo Trindade
1,*,
Tomas Albrektsson
2,3,
Silvia Galli
3,
Zdenka Prgomet
4,
Pentti Tengvall
2 and
Ann Wennerberg
1
1
Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
2
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
3
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
4
Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(6), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060814
Submission received: 20 May 2019 / Revised: 4 June 2019 / Accepted: 5 June 2019 / Published: 7 June 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osseointegrated Oral implants: Mechanisms of Implant Anchorage, Threats and Long-Term Survival Rates)
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Abstract

Osseointegration is likely the result of an immunologically driven bone reaction to materials such as titanium. Osseointegration has resulted in the clinical possibility to anchor oral implants in jaw bone tissue. However, the mechanisms behind bony anchorage are not fully understood and complications over a longer period of time have been reported. The current study aims at exploring possible differences between copper (Cu) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials that do not osseointegrate, with osseointegrating cp titanium as control. The implants were placed in rabbit tibia and selected immune markers were evaluated at 10 and 28 days of follow-up. Cu and PEEK demonstrated at both time points a higher immune activation than cp titanium. Cu demonstrated distance osteogenesis due to a maintained proinflammatory environment over time, and PEEK failed to osseointegrate due to an immunologically defined preferential adipose tissue formation on its surface. The here presented results suggest the description of two different mechanisms for failed osseointegration, both of which are correlated to the immune system.
Keywords: biomaterial; bone; osseointegration; immune; implant; healing; titanium; PEEK; Cu biomaterial; bone; osseointegration; immune; implant; healing; titanium; PEEK; Cu

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MDPI and ACS Style

Trindade, R.; Albrektsson, T.; Galli, S.; Prgomet, Z.; Tengvall, P.; Wennerberg, A. Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part II: Copper and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Compared to Titanium at 10 and 28 Days in Rabbit Tibia. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060814

AMA Style

Trindade R, Albrektsson T, Galli S, Prgomet Z, Tengvall P, Wennerberg A. Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part II: Copper and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Compared to Titanium at 10 and 28 Days in Rabbit Tibia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(6):814. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060814

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trindade, Ricardo, Tomas Albrektsson, Silvia Galli, Zdenka Prgomet, Pentti Tengvall, and Ann Wennerberg. 2019. "Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part II: Copper and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Compared to Titanium at 10 and 28 Days in Rabbit Tibia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 6: 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060814

APA Style

Trindade, R., Albrektsson, T., Galli, S., Prgomet, Z., Tengvall, P., & Wennerberg, A. (2019). Bone Immune Response to Materials, Part II: Copper and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Compared to Titanium at 10 and 28 Days in Rabbit Tibia. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(6), 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060814

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