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Volume 15
Issue 1
10.3390/jcm15010215
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Current Trends in Presbyopia Correction—A Comprehensive Review

by
Ewelina Trojacka
1,*,
Joanna Przybek-Skrzypecka
2,3,
Janusz Skrzypecki
4,
Jacek P. Szaflik
1,2,3 and
Justyna Izdebska
1,2,3
1
Center of Ocular Microsurgery, Professor Jerzy Szaflik’s Clinic in Warsaw, 00-215 Warszawa, Poland
2
SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital in Warsaw, 03-709 Warsaw, Poland
3
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
4
Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(1), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010215 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 November 2025 / Revised: 4 December 2025 / Accepted: 23 December 2025 / Published: 27 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cataract and Refractive Surgery and Intraocular Lens Implantation: Clinical Advances and Perspectives)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Presbyopia is a physiological phenomenon and one of the leading factors contributing to decreased near visual acuity. The prevalence of presbyopia, its social and economic consequences and the prolongation of human life place the correction of presbyopia among the top challenges in modern ophthalmology. Despite the numerous methods currently available for correcting presbyopia, there is still no ideal technique that, by restoring the eye’s age-related loss of physiological accommodation, would provide long-term effectiveness without adverse effects. This article offers an overview of the existing knowledge on the etiology of presbyopia and the available methods of its correction, with particular emphasis on refractive surgery techniques.
Keywords: accommodation loss; presbyopia treatment; Presbyond; refractive lens exchange accommodation loss; presbyopia treatment; Presbyond; refractive lens exchange

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MDPI and ACS Style

Trojacka, E.; Przybek-Skrzypecka, J.; Skrzypecki, J.; Szaflik, J.P.; Izdebska, J. Current Trends in Presbyopia Correction—A Comprehensive Review. J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010215

AMA Style

Trojacka E, Przybek-Skrzypecka J, Skrzypecki J, Szaflik JP, Izdebska J. Current Trends in Presbyopia Correction—A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2026; 15(1):215. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010215

Chicago/Turabian Style

Trojacka, Ewelina, Joanna Przybek-Skrzypecka, Janusz Skrzypecki, Jacek P. Szaflik, and Justyna Izdebska. 2026. "Current Trends in Presbyopia Correction—A Comprehensive Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 15, no. 1: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010215

APA Style

Trojacka, E., Przybek-Skrzypecka, J., Skrzypecki, J., Szaflik, J. P., & Izdebska, J. (2026). Current Trends in Presbyopia Correction—A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(1), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010215

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