Adolescent Obesity and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Young Adults
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Association of Adolescent Weight Categories with CCI at Age 30
3.2. Association of Weight Categories with All-Cause Mortality
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations and Strengths
4.2. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Weight Category | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight (N = 4172) | Normal (N = 57,867) | Overweight (N = 8883) | Obesity (N = 7958) | Class 2 Obesity (N = 1381) | Class 3 Obesity (N = 592) | p | Total Population (N = 80,853) | |
Age of BMI measurement, years | ||||||||
Mean (SD) | 18.0 (0.7) | 18.2 (0.8) | 18.2 (0.9) | 18.0 (0.7) | 18.2 (0.9) | 18.2 (0.9) | <0.001 | 18.1 (0.8) |
Median (IQR) | 17.9 (1.1) | 18.0 (1.4) | 18.0 (1.5) | 17.8 (1.1) | 18.0 (1.4) | 18.1 (1.5) | 17.9 (1.3) | |
Sex (male) | ||||||||
N (%) | 2195 (52.6) | 26,176 (45.2) | 4097 (46.1) | 4180 (52.5) | 672 (48.7) | 296 (50.0) | <0.001 | 37,616 (46.5) |
Ethnicity N (%) | ||||||||
Jewish | 2635 (63.2) | 25,513 (44.1) | 3757 (42.3) | 3865 (48.6) | 708 (51.3) | 330 (55.7) | <0.001 | 36,808 (45.5) |
Arab | 1537 (36.8) | 32,354 (55.9) | 5126 (57.7) | 4093 (51.4) | 673 (48.7) | 262 (44.3) | 44,045 (54.5) | |
BMI, kg/m2 | ||||||||
Mean (SD) | 16.8 (1.0) | 21.3 (2.0) | 26.5 (1.3) | 30.5 (2.1) | 36.9 (1.4) | 44.6 (4.6) | <0.001 | 23.0 (4.6) |
Median (IQR) | 16.9 (1.2) | 21.2 (3.2) | 26.4 (1.6) | 30.3 (3.3) | 36.6 (2.3) | 43.1 (4.8) | 22.0 (45.0) | |
BMI percentile | ||||||||
Mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.4) | 43.5 (23.5) | 89.7 (3.0) | 97.8 (1.5) | 99.3 (1.2) | 99.3 (1.3) | <0.001 | 53.2 (31.5) |
Median (IQR) | 2.5 (2.3) | 44.6 (38.8) | 90.0 (5.1) | 98.0 (2.6) | 99.9 (0.1) | 100 (0.0) | 51.2 (57.9) | |
Socio-economic level | ||||||||
N (%): | 438 (10.5) | 5229 (9.0) | 674 (7.6) | 622 (7.8) | 87 (6.3) | 42 (7.1) | <0.001 | 7092 (8.8) |
High | 2250 (53.9) | 25,659 (44.3) | 3888 (43.8) | 3805 (47.8) | 678 (49.1) | 308 (52.0) | 36,588 (45.3) | |
Middle | 1160 (27.8) | 22,032 (38.1) | 3509 (39.5) | 2913 (36.6) | 511 (37.0) | 200 (33.8) | 30,325 (37.5) | |
Low | 324 (7.8) | 4947 (8.5) | 812 (9.1) | 618 (7.8) | 105 (7.6) | 42 (7.1) | 6847 (8.5) | |
missing | ||||||||
District of residency | ||||||||
N (%): | 843 (20.2) | 7571 (13.1) | 1002 (11.3) | 1112 (13.8) | 189 (13.7) | 88 (14.9) | <0.001 | 10,805 (13.4) |
Central | 609 (14.6) | 10,554 (18.2) | 1574 (17.7) | 1241 (15.6) | 215 (15.6) | 71 (12.0) | 14,264 (17.6) | |
Northern | 756 (18.1) | 11,942 (20.6) | 1834 (20.6) | 1647 (20.7) | 264 (19.1) | 119 (20.1) | 16,562 (20.5) | |
Haifa | 527 (12.6) | 8281 (14.3) | 1321 (14.9) | 1205 (15.1) | 223 (16.1) | 87 (14.7) | 11,644 (14.4) | |
Sharon-Shomron | 371 (8.9) | 3889 (6.7) | 588 (6.6) | 563 (7.1) | 77 (5.6) | 58 (9.8) | 5546 (6.9) | |
Dan-PT | 322 (7.7) | 6913 (11.9) | 1266 (14.3) | 1052 (13.2) | 227 (16.4) | 83 (14.0) | 9863 (12.2) | |
Jerusalem Southern | 744 (17.8) | 8698 (15.0) | 1298 (14.6) | 1138 (14.3) | 186 (13.5) | 86 (14.5) | 12,150 (15.0) | |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 19 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (0.0) |
Weight Category | Total Population (N = 80,853) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight (N = 4172) | Normal (N = 57,867) | Overweight (N = 8883) | Obesity (N = 7958) | Class 2 Obesity (N = 1381) | Class 3 Obesity (N = 592) | ||
| |||||||
Charlson score ≥ 1 | |||||||
N (%) | 600 (14.38) | 9762 (16.87) | 2042 (22.99) | 2188 (27.49) | 469 (33.96) | 229 (38.68) | 15,281 (18.90) |
Charlson score ≥ 3 | |||||||
N (%) | 21 (0.50) | 430 (0.74) | 111 (1.25) | 122 (1.53) | 44 (3.19) | 19 (3.21) | 747 (0.92) |
Charlson score a | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 1.22 (0.60) | 1.26 (0.63) | 1.28 (0.65) | 1.33 (0.67) | 1.42 (0.88) | 1.38 (0.73) | 1.28 (0.65) |
Median (IQR) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (0) |
Association of weight category in adolescence with Charlson score at age 30 | |||||||
RR (95% CI) p-value | 0.83 (0.76–0.90) <0.001 | Reference | 1.39 (1.32–1.46) <0.001 | 1.71 (1.63–1.80) <0.001 | 2.26 (2.05–2.49) <0.001 | 2.51 (2.17–2.90) <0.001 | |
aRR b (95% CI) p-value | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) <0.001 | 1.39 (1.32–1.46) <0.001 | 1.76 (1.68–1.84) <0.001 | 2.30 (2.08–2.53) <0.001 | 2.59 (2.24–2.98) <0.001 | ||
aRR c (95% CI) p-value | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) 0.940 | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) <0.001 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) <0.001 | 1.22 (1.09–1.35) <0.001 | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) 0.090 | ||
| |||||||
Population | 2195 | 26,176 | 4097 | 4180 | 672 | 296 | 37,616 |
Charlson score ≥ 1 | |||||||
N (%) | 258 (11.75) | 3510 (13.41) | 743 (18.14) | 955 (22.85) | 201 (29.91) | 113 (38.18) | 5780 (15.37) |
Charlson score ≥ 3 | |||||||
N (%) | 12 (0.55) | 175 (0.67) | 42 (1.03) | 57 (1.36) | 19 (2.83) | 10 (3.38) | 315 (0.84) |
Association of weight category in adolescence with Charlson score at age 30 | |||||||
RR (95% CI) p-value | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) 0.021 | Reference | 1.36 (1.25–1.48) <0.001 | 1.74 (1.61–1.88) <0.001 | 2.35 (1.99–2.77) <0.001 | 3.13 (2.50–3.93) <0.001 | |
aRR b (95% CI) p-value | 0.87 (0.76–0.98) 0.029 | 1.36 (1.25–1.47) <0.001 | 1.74 (1.61–1.88) <0.001 | 2.37 (2.01–2.79) <0.001 | 3.14 (2.50–3.94) <0.001 | ||
aRR c (95% CI) p-value | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) 0.894 | 1.11 (1.02–1.21) 0.014 | 1.19 (1.09–1.30) <0.001 | 1.26 (1.05–1.51) 0.010 | 1.37 (1.07–1.76) 0.011 | ||
| |||||||
Population | 1977 | 31,691 | 4786 | 3778 | 709 | 296 | 43,237 |
Charlson score ≥ 1 | |||||||
N (%) | 342 (17.30) | 6243 (19.70) | 1299 (27.14) | 1233 (32.63) | 268 (37.80) | 116 (39.19) | 9501 (21.97) |
Charlson score ≥ 3 | |||||||
N (%) | 9 (0.46) | 255 (0.80) | 69 (1.44) | 65 (1.72) | 25 (3.53) | 9 (3.04) | 432 (1.00) |
Association of weight category in adolescence with Charlson score at age 30 | |||||||
RR (95% CI) p-value | 0.84 (0.75–0.93) 0.001 | Reference | 1.41 (1.33–1.50) <0.001 | 1.77 (1.66–1.88) <0.001 | 2.24 (1.98–2.53) <0.001 | 2.13 (1.76–2.57) <0.001 | |
aRR b (95% CI) p-value | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) 0.002 | 1.41 (1.33–1.50) <0.001 | 1.77 (1.66–1.88) <0.001 | 2.24 (1.99–2.53) <0.001 | 2.14 (1.77–2.58) <0.001 | ||
aRR c (95% CI) p-value | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) 0.946 | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) 0.002 | 1.15 (1.07–1.23) <0.001 | 1.17 (1.03–1.34) 0.018 | 0.94 (0.76–1.14) 0.513 |
Weight Category | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | Normal | Overweight | Obesity | Class 2 Obesity | Class 3 Obesity | Total | |
Adolescents in the category (N) | 4826 | 65,816 | 10,324 | 9445 | 1638 | 739 | 92,833 |
Cases of death, N (%) | 27 (0.6) | 266 (0.4) | 47 (0.4) | 50 (0.5) | 13 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 404 (0.4) |
Age at death, years, Mean (SD) | 25.0 (3.2) | 24.4 (3.5) | 25.7 (3.3) | 24.1 (3.2) | 24.8 (3.7) | 28.3 (-) | 24.6 (3.4) |
Adult BMI, kg/m2, Mean (SD) | 20.6 (3.8) | 24.8 (4.6) | 30.1 (5.0) | 34.1 (5.8) | 40.1 (6.0) | 44.3 (-) | 26.6 (6.3) |
RR (95% CI) p-value | 1.38 (0.91–2.02) 0.107 | Reference | 1.13 (0.82–1.52) 0.452 | 1.31 (0.96–1.75) 0.080 | 1.91 (1.04–3.20) 0.023 | 0.33 (1.02–1.48) 0.275 | |
aRR a (95% CI) p-value | 1.30 (0.86–1.90) 0.190 | 1.11 (0.81–1.50) 0.502 | 1.22 (0.89–1.64) 0.191 | 1.79 (0.98–3.00) 0.040 | 0.32 (0.02–1.43) 0.259 | ||
aRR b (95% CI) p-value | 1.15 (0.69–1.83) 0.564 | 1.60 (1.11–2.27) 0.010 | 1.71 (1.12–2.57) 0.011 | 3.18 (1.48–6.35) 0.002 | 0.75 (0.04–3.69) 0.785 |
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Treister-Goltzman, Y.; Menashe, I.; Nemet, D. Adolescent Obesity and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Young Adults. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030873
Treister-Goltzman Y, Menashe I, Nemet D. Adolescent Obesity and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Young Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(3):873. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030873
Chicago/Turabian StyleTreister-Goltzman, Yulia, Idan Menashe, and Dan Nemet. 2025. "Adolescent Obesity and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Young Adults" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 3: 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030873
APA StyleTreister-Goltzman, Y., Menashe, I., & Nemet, D. (2025). Adolescent Obesity and Charlson Comorbidity Index in Young Adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(3), 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030873