Factors Influencing Fertility Distress in Reproductive-Aged Gynecologic Cancer Patients: A Narrative Overview

Objective: To synthesize the multifactorial determinants of fertility distress among reproductive-aged women with gynecological cancers, elucidating complex interactions among biological, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO to identify relevant studies on factors influencing fertility distress in gynecologic cancer patients. Results: Gynecological cancers pose significant threats to women’s health, particularly in terms of fertility protection, which is a key priority for patients of childbearing age. Individuals diagnosed with these malignancies frequently experience fertility-related distress stemming from physiological alterations and exacerbated by psychological factors. Moreover, sociocultural support systems, familial expectations, and cultural norms significantly influence reproductive decision-making and psychological adjustment in this population. Fertility distress is determined by complex interactions among these dimensions. Conclusions: By integrating biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives, we provide clinical guidance for developing targeted interventions that address patients’ comprehensive needs, ultimately advancing patient-centered oncological care.