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Volume 14
Issue 23
10.3390/jcm14238423
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Article

Results of a Targeted Glaucoma Screening Project Conducted Outside Formal Healthcare Settings in Croatia

by
Sonja Jandroković
1,2,
Dina Lešin Gaćina
1,
Sania Vidas Pauk
1,
Martina Tomić
3,
Tomislav Bulum
2,4,*,
Bruno Rački
5 and
Vedrana Aljinović-Vučić
6,7
1
Department of Ophthalmology, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
2
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Department of Ophthalmology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Dugi dol 4a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
4
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Merkur University Hospital, Dugi dol 4a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
5
Jadran Galenski Laboratorij d.d., Ivana Lučića 2a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
6
Medical Affairs Department, Jadran Galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia vedrana.aljinovic@gmail.com
7
Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(23), 8423; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238423 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 28 October 2025 / Revised: 21 November 2025 / Accepted: 25 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Although glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, no universally accepted screening guidelines for this condition have been developed. A nationwide glaucoma screening project was developed with the aim of raising awareness and assessing regional differences in intraocular pressure (IOP) and dry eye symptoms, as well as identifying potential risk factors among various Croatian regions. Methods: Over six months in 2023, 68 ophthalmologists conducted screening at 68 pharmacies across Croatia. IOP was measured using calibrated iCare IC200 tonometers, and dry eye symptoms were assessed using the Schein questionnaire. Results: A total of 7348 adults participated (median age: 63 years). IOP values and rates of newly detected elevated IOP varied by region. The highest maximum IOP was recorded in Continental Croatia (43.3 mmHg), followed by Zagreb. Newly discovered elevated IOP was most common in Slavonia (9.47%) and Continental Croatia (7.58%). Higher IOP was more frequently detected in younger participants and those with a family history of glaucoma. In coastal regions (Dalmatia, Istria, and Kvarner), elevated IOP showed a significant association with dry eye symptoms. Conclusions: This was the largest community-based glaucoma screening initiative in Croatia. The findings reveal notable regional differences in IOP and associated risk factors, underscoring the value of targeted community screening in raising awareness and identifying individuals at risk.
Keywords: glaucoma targeted screening project; pharmacy; Croatia; intraocular pressure; dry eye symptoms glaucoma targeted screening project; pharmacy; Croatia; intraocular pressure; dry eye symptoms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jandroković, S.; Lešin Gaćina, D.; Vidas Pauk, S.; Tomić, M.; Bulum, T.; Rački, B.; Aljinović-Vučić, V. Results of a Targeted Glaucoma Screening Project Conducted Outside Formal Healthcare Settings in Croatia. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 8423. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238423

AMA Style

Jandroković S, Lešin Gaćina D, Vidas Pauk S, Tomić M, Bulum T, Rački B, Aljinović-Vučić V. Results of a Targeted Glaucoma Screening Project Conducted Outside Formal Healthcare Settings in Croatia. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(23):8423. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238423

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jandroković, Sonja, Dina Lešin Gaćina, Sania Vidas Pauk, Martina Tomić, Tomislav Bulum, Bruno Rački, and Vedrana Aljinović-Vučić. 2025. "Results of a Targeted Glaucoma Screening Project Conducted Outside Formal Healthcare Settings in Croatia" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 23: 8423. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238423

APA Style

Jandroković, S., Lešin Gaćina, D., Vidas Pauk, S., Tomić, M., Bulum, T., Rački, B., & Aljinović-Vučić, V. (2025). Results of a Targeted Glaucoma Screening Project Conducted Outside Formal Healthcare Settings in Croatia. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(23), 8423. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14238423

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