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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations among Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain, 2016−2023

by
Lucia Jiménez-Sierra
1,
Ana López-de-Andres
2,
Valentín Hernández-Barrera
3,
Rodrigo Jiménez-Garcia
1,*,
David Carabantes-Alarcon
1,
Andrés Bodas-Pinedo
1,
Elena Labajo-Gonzalez
4 and
José J. Zamorano-León
1
1
Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Public Health and Maternal & Child Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
3
Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain
4
Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(12), 4053; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124053 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 21 May 2025 / Revised: 5 June 2025 / Accepted: 6 June 2025 / Published: 8 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology & Metabolism)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: We aim to describe and analyze the clinical characteristics and hospital outcomes of alcohol-related hospital admissions (ARHAs) among adolescents and young adults (12 to 35 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Spain from 2016 to 2023. We also aim to determine factors associated with admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out based on the Spanish Hospital Discharge Database (SHDD). ICD-10 codes were used to identify ARHAs in T1D patients. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the time trend, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of ICU admission. Results: We recorded 39,091 discharges with T1D (52.59% females); of these, 1274 (3.26% prevalence) were identified as ARHAs (74.10% males vs. 25.90% females). Joinpoint regression showed a significant increase among females and stable prevalence in males. Females with T1D and ARHAs were younger than males, and more frequently had diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), mental disorders, and external causes of morbidity and mortality, whereas greater drug use was detected among males. Overall, 20.80% of ARHAs required ICU admission. Predictors of ICU admission included DKA, drug use, hypoglycemia, and female sex (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.02–1.90). Conclusions: The frequency of ARHAs in young people with T1D in Spain rose between 2016 and 2023, mainly owing to the increase in the percentage of females requiring ARHA. DKA and drug and tobacco consumption were very common in ARHAs. Admission to the ICU is frequent, increases over time, and is associated with female sex, DKA, hypoglycemia, and drug use.
Keywords: alcohol; hospital; admissions; type 1 diabetes; diabetic ketoacidosis; drug use; adolescents alcohol; hospital; admissions; type 1 diabetes; diabetic ketoacidosis; drug use; adolescents

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jiménez-Sierra, L.; López-de-Andres, A.; Hernández-Barrera, V.; Jiménez-Garcia, R.; Carabantes-Alarcon, D.; Bodas-Pinedo, A.; Labajo-Gonzalez, E.; Zamorano-León, J.J. Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations among Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain, 2016−2023. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 4053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124053

AMA Style

Jiménez-Sierra L, López-de-Andres A, Hernández-Barrera V, Jiménez-Garcia R, Carabantes-Alarcon D, Bodas-Pinedo A, Labajo-Gonzalez E, Zamorano-León JJ. Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations among Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain, 2016−2023. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(12):4053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124053

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiménez-Sierra, Lucia, Ana López-de-Andres, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Rodrigo Jiménez-Garcia, David Carabantes-Alarcon, Andrés Bodas-Pinedo, Elena Labajo-Gonzalez, and José J. Zamorano-León. 2025. "Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations among Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain, 2016−2023" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 12: 4053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124053

APA Style

Jiménez-Sierra, L., López-de-Andres, A., Hernández-Barrera, V., Jiménez-Garcia, R., Carabantes-Alarcon, D., Bodas-Pinedo, A., Labajo-Gonzalez, E., & Zamorano-León, J. J. (2025). Alcohol-Related Hospitalizations among Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes in Spain, 2016−2023. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(12), 4053. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14124053

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