Association of Albumin-to-D-Dimer Ratio with Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Study Population
2.2. Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Survivors (n = 101) | Non-Survivors (n = 61) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) or Mean ± SD | |||
Age (years) | 65.1 ± 13.8 | 71.2 ± 14.2 | 0.008 |
Sex (male) | 56 (55.4%) | 38 (62.3%) | 0.402 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3 ± 4.1 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 0.031 |
Diabetes mellitus | 34 (33.7%) | 35 (57.4%) | 0.003 |
Hypertension | 64 (63.4%) | 44 (72.1%) | 0.092 |
Chronic kidney disease | 15 (14.9%) | 15 (24.6%) | 0.132 |
Coronary artery disease | 29 (28.7%) | 25 (41.0%) | 0.048 |
Others | 26 (25.7%) | 19 (31.1%) | 0.177 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 82 ± 47 | 120 ± 56 | <0.001 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 31.4 ± 13.1 | 42.1 ± 15.0 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
Platelet count (×103/μL) | 223 ± 70 | 197 ± 74 | 0.022 |
INR | 1.22 ± 0.16 | 1.33 ± 0.21 | 0.041 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
D-dimer (μg/mL) | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
Albumin-to-D-dimer ratio (ADR) | 1.56 ± 0.52 | 1.02 ± 0.43 | <0.001 |
Sepsis | 41 (40.6%) | 35 (57.4%) | 0.029 |
Multiple organ failure | 17 (16.8%) | 27 (44.3%) | <0.001 |
Sepsis/Organ failure rate | 29 (28.7%) | 37 (60.7%) | <0.001 |
ICU length of stay (days) | 8.3 ± 4.2 | 11.7 ± 5.3 | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation duration (days) | 6.2 ± 3.5 | 9.1 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
30-day mortality rate | 0 (0%) | 61 (100%) | – |
Parameter | Albumin-to-D-Dimer Ratio (ADR) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
High (n = 50) (>1.45) | Intermediate (n = 54) (0.95–1.45) | Low (n = 58) (<0.95) | ||
Age (years) | 64.3 ± 13.5 | 67.9 ± 13.7 | 70.5 ± 14.8 | 0.041 |
Male sex (%) | 28 (56%) | 32 (59.3%) | 34 (58.6%) | 0.942 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 4.0 | 28.0 ± 4.5 | 28.5 ± 5.2 | 0.187 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 16 (32%) | 22 (40.7%) | 31 (53.4%) | 0.029 |
Hypertension (%) | 30 (60%) | 36 (66.7%) | 42 (72.4%) | 0.364 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 6 (12%) | 11 (20.4%) | 13 (22.4%) | 0.228 |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 13 (26%) | 16 (29.6%) | 23 (39.7%) | 0.243 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 2.7 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 0.002 |
CRP (mg/L) | 72 ± 38 | 94 ± 49 | 119 ± 56 | <0.001 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 29.1 ± 12.7 | 34.7 ± 13.3 | 42.1 ± 14.7 | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | 0.001 |
Platelet count (×103/μL) | 226 ± 68 | 211 ± 70 | 198 ± 78 | 0.043 |
INR | 1.19 ± 0.15 | 1.25 ± 0.17 | 1.34 ± 0.20 | 0.002 |
Sepsis (%) | 15 (30%) | 26 (48.1%) | 35 (60.3%) | 0.011 |
Multiple organ failure (%) | 6 (12%) | 14 (25.9%) | 24 (41.4%) | 0.001 |
Sepsis/Organ failure (%) | 13 (26%) | 23 (42.6%) | 32 (55.2%) | 0.005 |
ICU stay (days) | 7.1 ± 3.2 | 9.1 ± 3.7 | 12.3 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation (days) | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 6.6 ± 3.2 | 9.6 ± 4.3 | <0.001 |
30-day mortality (%) | 9 (18%) | 20 (37%) | 32 (55.2%) | <0.001 |
Variable | OR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 1.04 | 1.01–1.08 | 0.032 |
Sex (male) | 1.20 | 0.65–2.30 | 0.602 |
Body mass index | 1.06 | 0.99–1.14 | 0.074 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.72 | 1.02–3.24 | 0.039 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.65 | 1.13–2.41 | 0.005 |
CRP (mg/L) | 1.02 | 1.01–1.03 | 0.021 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 1.05 | 1.02–1.09 | 0.010 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.82 | 1.16–2.98 | 0.013 |
Platelet count (×103/μL) | 0.87 | 0.78–0.98 | 0.049 |
INR | 2.76 | 1.35–5.67 | 0.003 |
Albumin-to-D-dimer ratio | 0.39 | 0.26–0.58 | <0.001 |
Sepsis | 1.91 | 1.03–3.55 | 0.041 |
Multiple organ failure | 3.04 | 1.52–6.10 | 0.001 |
ICU stay (days) | 1.09 | 1.01–1.18 | 0.014 |
Mechanical ventilation (days) | 1.11 | 1.02–1.20 | 0.008 |
Variable | Cut-Off | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | AUC (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | >68.5 | 72.1 | 63.2 | 0.702 (0.625–0.778) | 0.001 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | >2.6 | 76.5 | 68.4 | 0.749 (0.675–0.822) | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | >105 | 69.4 | 66.7 | 0.714 (0.638–0.790) | 0.002 |
BUN (mg/dL) | >38.5 | 74.2 | 62.3 | 0.726 (0.655–0.797) | <0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | >1.4 | 71.8 | 69.2 | 0.701 (0.628–0.774) | 0.002 |
Albumin (g/dL) | <2.9 | 74.6 | 67.1 | 0.751 (0.675–0.827) | <0.001 |
D-dimer (μg/mL) | >2.2 | 73.4 | 65.5 | 0.768 (0.661–0.812) | <0.001 |
Albumin-to-D-dimer ratio | <1.05 | 78.7 | 71.4 | 0.802 (0.728–0.875) | <0.001 |
ICU stay (days) | >10.5 | 68.3 | 64.8 | 0.694 (0.619–0.768) | 0.003 |
Mechanical ventilation (days) | >7.0 | 75.6 | 65.9 | 0.722 (0.648–0.795) | 0.001 |
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Eygi, E.; Bayrakci, S. Association of Albumin-to-D-Dimer Ratio with Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113917
Eygi E, Bayrakci S. Association of Albumin-to-D-Dimer Ratio with Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(11):3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113917
Chicago/Turabian StyleEygi, Elif, and Sinem Bayrakci. 2025. "Association of Albumin-to-D-Dimer Ratio with Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 11: 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113917
APA StyleEygi, E., & Bayrakci, S. (2025). Association of Albumin-to-D-Dimer Ratio with Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(11), 3917. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113917