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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Cognitive Impairment in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

by
Marion Camard
1,
Ana Moises
1,
Katia Bourdic
1,
Laura Venditti
2,
Christian Denier
2,
Julien Henry
3,
Raluca Sterpu
4,
Perla David
1,
Mathilde De Menthon
1,
Olivier Lambotte
1,5,
Anne-Cécile Petit
6,7,8,
Matthias Babin
9,
Nicolas Noel
1,5,* and
Fanny Urbain
1
1
Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Internal Medecine and Clinical Immunology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
2
Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Neurology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
3
Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Rheumatology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
4
Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Internal Medecine and Clinical Immunology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, F-92140 Clamart, France
5
Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological, Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMRS1184), Université Paris Saclay, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
6
Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Psychiatrie Paris 15, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, F-75014 Paris, France
7
School of Medicine, Paris Cité University, F-75006 Paris, France
8
Pasteur Institute, CNRS UMR 3571, Perception and Action Unit, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
9
Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Neuroradiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(10), 3582; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103582 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 19 April 2025 / Revised: 12 May 2025 / Accepted: 16 May 2025 / Published: 20 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Immunology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Objectives: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises rare systemic vasculitides that can present with cognitive dysfunction. However, data on the screening and characterization of cognitive dysfunction in AAV remain limited. Methods: Cognitive complaints in AAV patients were screened using self-report questionnaires. Objective cognitive impairment was assessed with a standardized neurocognitive test battery. Results were compared with clinical evaluations, brain MRI findings, treatment history, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. All test results were standardized for the overall population. Results: Twelve patients (five women, seven men) with a median [IQR] age of 68 [59–71] and a median [IQR] disease duration of 92 months [55–127] were included. None of the patients showed evidence of vasculitis activity on brain MRI. Cognition was assessed using a standardized neurocognitive test battery in all patients except one. Four patients (36%) were found to have cognitive impairment, defined as three or more altered tests. The most affected functions were attentional and executive, with the d2-R (4/4), Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Delayed Recall (3/4), and Trail Making Test Part B (3/4) showing the most frequent deficiencies. Objective cognitive disorders were not associated with self-reported cognitive complaints. No significant association was found between cognitive impairment and vasculitis activity or sequelae, corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatments, or neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: This study highlights the presence of cognitive impairments in AAV, predominantly affecting attentional and executive functions, which may reflect vascular involvement. Early and tailored approaches to cognitive screening and management are essential to improve patient care and quality of life.
Keywords: cognitive dysfunction; mild cognitive impairment; neuropsychological tests; antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis cognitive dysfunction; mild cognitive impairment; neuropsychological tests; antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Camard, M.; Moises, A.; Bourdic, K.; Venditti, L.; Denier, C.; Henry, J.; Sterpu, R.; David, P.; De Menthon, M.; Lambotte, O.; et al. Cognitive Impairment in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103582

AMA Style

Camard M, Moises A, Bourdic K, Venditti L, Denier C, Henry J, Sterpu R, David P, De Menthon M, Lambotte O, et al. Cognitive Impairment in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(10):3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103582

Chicago/Turabian Style

Camard, Marion, Ana Moises, Katia Bourdic, Laura Venditti, Christian Denier, Julien Henry, Raluca Sterpu, Perla David, Mathilde De Menthon, Olivier Lambotte, and et al. 2025. "Cognitive Impairment in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 10: 3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103582

APA Style

Camard, M., Moises, A., Bourdic, K., Venditti, L., Denier, C., Henry, J., Sterpu, R., David, P., De Menthon, M., Lambotte, O., Petit, A.-C., Babin, M., Noel, N., & Urbain, F. (2025). Cognitive Impairment in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(10), 3582. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14103582

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