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Review

Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: Exploring the Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Future Directions

by
Melinda-Ildiko Mitranovici
1,*,
Diana Maria Chiorean
2,3,
Raluca Moraru
4,
Liviu Moraru
5,
Laura Caravia
6,
Andreea Taisia Tiron
7,
Marius Craina
8 and
Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
2,3,*
1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital Hunedoara, 14 Victoriei Street, 331057 Hunedoara, Romania
2
Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania
3
Department of Pathophysiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
4
Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
5
Department of Anatomy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
6
Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
7
Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
8
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300001 Timisoara, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2668; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092668
Submission received: 24 March 2024 / Revised: 26 April 2024 / Accepted: 30 April 2024 / Published: 2 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management, Diagnosis and Pathophysiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Current Practice and Future Perspectives—2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy associated with significant fetal and maternal complications. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired form of thrombophilia characterized by recurrent venous or arterial thrombosis and obstetric complications that significantly increases morbidity and mortality rates. While preeclampsia may not be the most prevalent obstetric complication in APS, it significantly impacts the long-term health of both mother and child. The treatment of preeclampsia in antiphospholipid syndrome is different from the treatment of preeclampsia as an independent disease. Despite current treatments involving anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and antihypertensive drugs, obstetric complications may persist, underscoring the need for cohesive management and effective treatments. The objective of our review is to briefly present knowledge about the physiopathology of preeclampsia and the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in this process. Based on the existing literature, our review aims to identify future directions in molecular pathology toward the discovery of biomarkers and targeted treatments. The application of multidisciplinary approaches and prognostic models, including new biomarkers, could be beneficial in the prediction of PE.
Keywords: preeclampsia; antiphospholipid syndrome; vascular endothelial growth factor; osteopontin; biomarkers; personalized treatment preeclampsia; antiphospholipid syndrome; vascular endothelial growth factor; osteopontin; biomarkers; personalized treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mitranovici, M.-I.; Chiorean, D.M.; Moraru, R.; Moraru, L.; Caravia, L.; Tiron, A.T.; Craina, M.; Cotoi, O.S. Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: Exploring the Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Future Directions. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092668

AMA Style

Mitranovici M-I, Chiorean DM, Moraru R, Moraru L, Caravia L, Tiron AT, Craina M, Cotoi OS. Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: Exploring the Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Future Directions. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(9):2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092668

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mitranovici, Melinda-Ildiko, Diana Maria Chiorean, Raluca Moraru, Liviu Moraru, Laura Caravia, Andreea Taisia Tiron, Marius Craina, and Ovidiu Simion Cotoi. 2024. "Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: Exploring the Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Future Directions" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 9: 2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092668

APA Style

Mitranovici, M.-I., Chiorean, D. M., Moraru, R., Moraru, L., Caravia, L., Tiron, A. T., Craina, M., & Cotoi, O. S. (2024). Understanding the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia: Exploring the Role of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Future Directions. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(9), 2668. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092668

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