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Review

Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Clinical Review and Future Perspectives

by
Raffaella Benedetti
1,
Simone Marino
2,*,
Flavio Tangianu
2 and
Davide Imberti
1
1
Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Piacenza, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061761
Submission received: 16 February 2024 / Revised: 10 March 2024 / Accepted: 14 March 2024 / Published: 19 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Thrombotic Disorders and Antithrombotic Treatments)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Anticoagulation represents the first line treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion can be considered as a possible therapeutic strategy when anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, to avoid embolization from the lower limbs to pulmonary circulation. Other possible indications are debated among experts. Both permanent and retrievable caval filters are available in clinical practice. Retrievable filters can be removed when no longer necessary, as their use may be indicated only for a limited amount of time. Moreover, caval filter insertion is not devoid of possible complications, particularly in cases of permanent or long-dwelling filters. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to review the appropriateness of caval filter use and to define the best timing for retrieval.
Keywords: caval filter; pulmonary embolism; deep vein thrombosis; venous thromboembolism caval filter; pulmonary embolism; deep vein thrombosis; venous thromboembolism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Benedetti, R.; Marino, S.; Tangianu, F.; Imberti, D. Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Clinical Review and Future Perspectives. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061761

AMA Style

Benedetti R, Marino S, Tangianu F, Imberti D. Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Clinical Review and Future Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(6):1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061761

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benedetti, Raffaella, Simone Marino, Flavio Tangianu, and Davide Imberti. 2024. "Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Clinical Review and Future Perspectives" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 6: 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061761

APA Style

Benedetti, R., Marino, S., Tangianu, F., & Imberti, D. (2024). Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Clinical Review and Future Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(6), 1761. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061761

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