Oral Health Statuses of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Umbrella Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Review Protocol
2.2. PICOS Strategy
2.3. Database Search Strategy
2.4. Selection Criterion for the Review
- Population: Research focusing on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in children and young adults was eligible for inclusion.
- Study Focus: Selected papers were required to evaluate the prevalence rates of dental caries, periodontal disease, and related oral hygiene indicators in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Peer-reviewed research articles that have been published in scholarly publications were added, encouraging the utilization of reliable and verified research.
- Cross-sectional, cohort, case–control, and clinical trial study types were all taken into consideration, as well as observational and interventional study designs.
- Irrelevant Population: Research on children and young adults with ASD was expressly omitted from the study.
- Relevant Outcome: Studies were excluded if they did not evaluate the prevalence rates of dental caries, periodontal disease, and related oral hygiene indicators, among other oral health indicators.
- Publication Type: In order to preserve the integrity of the research, non-peer-reviewed materials such as conference abstracts, editorials, and letters were disregarded.
- Non-English Language: Studies that were published in tongues other than English were disregarded since there might be difficulties in understanding and interpreting the results owing to language issues.
- Studies involving animals were not included because they did not directly address the oral health status of the ASD community, such as animal models or in vitro trials.
2.5. Data Extraction and Reviewer Protocol
2.6. Bias Assessment of Included Studies
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Parametrical Assessment of Oral Health Indices
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Variables Assessed | Data Sources | Key Findings | Conclusion |
---|---|---|---|---|
AlOtaibi et al. [14] | Gingival and plaque indices | MEDLINE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Controlled-Trial Database, Clinical Trials-US National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Virtual Health Library, and Saudi Digital Library |
| Individuals with ASD need help and better access to oral healthcare. Further investigation is needed with regard to gingival health in individuals with ASD and caries risk assessment to understand how this disorder affects oral health. |
Bartolomé et al. [15] | Oral hygiene, dental caries, malocclusion, oral habits, dental trauma, and gingival/periodontal status | PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library |
| A larger number of research studies is needed to corroborate these results. There are discrepancies about the results found in the different studies regarding dental caries and oral hygiene in children with ASD and SD. |
Corridore et al. [16] |
| Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, Science Direct, Web of Science |
| Lack of protocols for ASD patients, need for improved collaboration and preventive care. |
Da Silva et al. [17] |
| MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus |
| Need for oral health policies targeting high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in ASD individuals. |
Lam et al. [18] |
| CINAHL, Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science |
| Limited evidence, high risk of bias, need for further research. |
Ningrum et al. [19] |
| PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library |
| Importance of an integrated and equitable care system to maintain oral health of special needs children, especially in high DMFT countries. |
Source | Dental Caries | Periodontal Disease | Oral Hygiene |
---|---|---|---|
AlOtaibi et al. [14] | Not clearly specified |
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Bartolomé et al. [15] |
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Corridore et al. [16] |
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Da Silva et al. [17] |
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| No statistical difference observed between the ASD and control groups |
Lam et al. [18] | No statistical difference observed between the ASD and control groups |
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Ningrum et al. [19] |
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Sami, W.; Ahmad, M.S.; Shaik, R.A.; Miraj, M.; Ahmad, S.; Molla, M.H. Oral Health Statuses of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Umbrella Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010059
Sami W, Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Miraj M, Ahmad S, Molla MH. Oral Health Statuses of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Umbrella Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(1):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010059
Chicago/Turabian StyleSami, Waqas, Mohammad Shakil Ahmad, Riyaz Ahamed Shaik, Mohammad Miraj, Sadiya Ahmad, and Muhammed Hamza Molla. 2024. "Oral Health Statuses of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Umbrella Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 1: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010059
APA StyleSami, W., Ahmad, M. S., Shaik, R. A., Miraj, M., Ahmad, S., & Molla, M. H. (2024). Oral Health Statuses of Children and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Umbrella Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010059