Estimation of Topical Glaucoma Medication Over-Prescription and Its Associated Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Subjects
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Calculation of Over-Prescription Volume
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | N or Mean ± SD | % or 95% CI Range |
---|---|---|
Subjects | ||
Age, years | 70.4 ± 11.9 | 69.5, 71.3 |
Sex | ||
Male | 372 | 55.0 |
Female | 304 | 45.0 |
Mini-Cog score | ||
≥3 | 623 | 92.2 |
≤2 | 53 | 7.8 |
BCVA, LogMAR | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2, 0.3 |
SERE, D | −2.1 ± 3 | −2.3, −1.8 |
IOP, mmHg | 16.7 ± 5.5 | 16.3, 17.1 |
Glaucoma type | ||
PG | 352 | 52.6 |
EG | 159 | 23.8 |
Other | 158 | 23.6 |
Cataract surgery | ||
No | 285 | 42.2 |
Yes | 391 | 57.8 |
Number of medication use, bottle | ||
≤1 | 333 | 49.3 |
≥2 | 343 | 50.7 |
Unit-dose medication only | ||
No | 607 | 89.8 |
Yes | 69 | 10.2 |
Visit intervals, months | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 3.3, 3.5 |
Over-prescription volume (bottle/month) | 1.4 ± 1.7 | 1.3, 1.6 |
Parameter | Estimate | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.06, 0.2 | 0.0007 * |
BCVA, LogMAR | 0.2 ± 0.2 | −0.04, 0.1 | 0.3 |
SERE, D | 0.1 ± 0.02 | 0.1, 0.3 | <0.0001 * |
IOP, mmHg | −0.02 ± 0.01 | −0.1, 0.02 | 0.1 |
Parameter | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male, 1.5 ± 0.1 | Female, 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.5 |
Mini-Cog score | ≥3, 1.4 ± 0.7 | ≤2, 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.5 |
Glaucoma type | PG, 1.4 ± 0.09 | EG, 1.7 ± 0.1 | 0.2 |
Other, 1.4 ± 0.1 | |||
Cataract surgery | No, 1.3 ± 0.1 | Yes, 1.6 ± 0.09 | 0.02 * |
Number of medication use, bottle | ≤1, 1.3 ± 0.1 | ≥2, 1.6 ± 0.09 | 0.006 * |
Unit-dose medication only | No, 1.6 ± 0.07 | Yes, 0.2 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 * |
Parameter | Estimate | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 0.02 | 0.002, 0.03 | 0.03 * |
Sex, female/male | −0.01 | −0.1, 0.1 | 0.9 |
Mini-Cog score, ≤2/≥3 | 0.1 | −0.4, 0.6 | 0.6 |
BCVA, LogMAR | 0.2 | −0.2, 0.5 | 0.3 |
SERE, D | 0.1 | 0.05, 0.2 | <0.0001 * |
IOP, mmHg | −0.01 | −0.04, 0.01 | 0.3 |
Glaucoma type | |||
PG/EG + other | 0.02 | −0.2, 0.2 | 0.8 |
EG/PG + other | 0.1 | −0.1,0.3 | 0.3 |
Cataract surgery, yes/no | −0.04 | −0.2, 0.1 | 0.5 |
Number of medication use, ≥2 bottle/1 bottle | 0.1 | 0.02, 0.3 | 0.03 * |
Unit-dose medication only, yes/no | −0.7 | −1,−0.5 | <0.0001 * |
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Takao, E.; Ichitani, A.; Tanito, M. Estimation of Topical Glaucoma Medication Over-Prescription and Its Associated Factors. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010184
Takao E, Ichitani A, Tanito M. Estimation of Topical Glaucoma Medication Over-Prescription and Its Associated Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(1):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010184
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakao, Eri, Aona Ichitani, and Masaki Tanito. 2024. "Estimation of Topical Glaucoma Medication Over-Prescription and Its Associated Factors" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 1: 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010184
APA StyleTakao, E., Ichitani, A., & Tanito, M. (2024). Estimation of Topical Glaucoma Medication Over-Prescription and Its Associated Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010184