Botulinum Neurotoxin Type a Injection Combined with Absorbable Punctal Plug Insertion: An Effective Therapy for Blepharospasm Patients with Dry Eye
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Eligibility
2.3. Assessments
2.4. Treatment and Follow-Up Procedures
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Clinical Manifestations Related to Blepharospasm
3.3. Clinical Manifestations Related to Dry Eye
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | BoNT-A | BoNT-A+APP | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 17 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | |
Record eyes | |||
Right, n (%) | 17 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | >0.999 |
Left, n (%) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
Gender | |||
Male, n (%) | 6 (35.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0.555 |
Female, n (%) | 11 (64.5) | 9 (75.0) | |
Age (years) | |||
Median (IQR) | 67 (58.5–73.0) | 64 (59.3–67.0) | |
≤44, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 1 (8.3) | 0.406 |
45–59, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | 2 (16.7) | |
≥60, n (%) | 13 (76.5) | 9 (75.0) |
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Ndikumukiza, M.; Xiao, Y.-T.; Ye, Y.-F.; Wang, J.-S.; Peng, X.; Xie, H.-T.; Zhang, M.-C. Botulinum Neurotoxin Type a Injection Combined with Absorbable Punctal Plug Insertion: An Effective Therapy for Blepharospasm Patients with Dry Eye. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030877
Ndikumukiza M, Xiao Y-T, Ye Y-F, Wang J-S, Peng X, Xie H-T, Zhang M-C. Botulinum Neurotoxin Type a Injection Combined with Absorbable Punctal Plug Insertion: An Effective Therapy for Blepharospasm Patients with Dry Eye. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(3):877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030877
Chicago/Turabian StyleNdikumukiza, Malachie, Yu-Ting Xiao, You-Fan Ye, Jia-Song Wang, Xi Peng, Hua-Tao Xie, and Ming-Chang Zhang. 2023. "Botulinum Neurotoxin Type a Injection Combined with Absorbable Punctal Plug Insertion: An Effective Therapy for Blepharospasm Patients with Dry Eye" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3: 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030877
APA StyleNdikumukiza, M., Xiao, Y. -T., Ye, Y. -F., Wang, J. -S., Peng, X., Xie, H. -T., & Zhang, M. -C. (2023). Botulinum Neurotoxin Type a Injection Combined with Absorbable Punctal Plug Insertion: An Effective Therapy for Blepharospasm Patients with Dry Eye. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(3), 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12030877