Caries Severity, Decayed First Permanent Molars and Associated Factors in 6–7 Years Old Schoolchildren Living in Palermo (Southern Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample Selection
2.2. Data Collection and Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Description
3.2. Initial Lesions (ICDAS1–2)
3.3. Moderate Lesions (ICDAS3–4)
3.4. Extensive Lesions (ICDAS5–6)
3.5. First Permanent Molars
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Males | Females | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | M ± SD | n (%) | Mean ± SD | n (%) | Mean ± SD | |
Caries-free (ICDAS0) | 181 (54.4) | 18.56 ± 3.53 | 152 (45.7) | 18.56 ± 3.6 | 333 (100.0) | 18.56 ± 3.56 |
Initial caries (ICDAS1–2) | 251 (50.4) | 0.98 ± 1.37 | 247 (49.6) | 1.06 ± 1.32 | 498 (100.0) | 1.02 ± 1.34 |
Moderate lesion (ICDAS3–4) | 234 (53.9) | 1.02 ± 1.47 | 200 (46.1) | 1.03 ± 1.57 | 434 (100.0) | 1.03 ± 1.52 |
Extensive lesion (ICDAS5–6) | 136 (55.7) | 0.73 ± 1.59 | 108 (44.3) | 0.65 ± 1.62 | 244 (100.0) | 0.69 ± 1.61 |
Variables § | AdjOR | 95% CI | p-Value §§ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial caries (ICDAS1–2) | ||||
Deprivation index | Most deprived 3rd- 4th- 5th quintiles | 1.46 | 1.07–1.99 | 0.017 |
Municipal District * | Second (5th) | 1.73 | 1.19–2.51 | 0.004 |
Third (3rd) | 0.57 | 0.37–0.88 | 0.011 | |
Fifth (5th) | 2.14 | 1.5–3.05 | <0.001 | |
Seventh (4th) | 2.49 | 1.61–3.84 | <0.002 | |
Moderate lesion (ICDAS3–4) | ||||
Mother’s education | High-school or above | 0.64 | 0.44–0.91 | 0.014 |
Father’s education | High-school or above | 0.65 | 0.46–0.93 | 0.018 |
Chewing gum consumption | Always/Often | 1.61 | 1.03–2.52 | 0.038 |
Daily fruits consumption | >2×/day | 1.82 | 1.3–2.55 | 0.001 |
Sweet drinks/carbonated drinks consumption | Always/Often | 1.63 | 1.19–2.23 | 0.002 |
Dental visits in last year | >2×/year | 2.80 | 1.75–4.48 | <0.001 |
Municipal District * | First (5th) | 5.09 | 1.91–13.62 | 0.001 |
Second (5th) | 1.96 | 1.28–3 | 0.002 | |
Fifth (5th) | 1.56 | 1.01–2.41 | 0.044 | |
Sixth (5th) | 1.65 | 1.09–2.49 | 0.017 | |
Seventh (4th) | 2.77 | 1.64–4.66 | <0.001 | |
Extensive lesion (ICDAS5–6) | ||||
Father’s education | High-school or above | 0.44 | 0.29–0.66 | <0.001 |
Father’s working status | Unemployed/Homemaker | 2.30 | 1.52–3.47 | <0.001 |
Chewing gum consumption | Always/Often | 2.25 | 1.39–3.65 | 0.001 |
Weekly dairy products consumption | ≥2×/week | 0.63 | 0.44–0.92 | 0.015 |
Dental visits in last year | >2×/year | 7.12 | 4.25–11.94 | <0.001 |
Municipal District * | First (5th) | 3.60 | 1.37–9.41 | 0.009 |
Second (5th) | 1.99 | 1.27–3.12 | 0.003 | |
Seventh (4th) | 1.82 | 1.02–3.22 | 0.041 |
0 Teeth | 1 Tooth | ≥2 Teeth |
---|---|---|
Initial lesion ICDAS1–2 | ||
504 (67.92) | 114 (15.36) | 124 (16.71) |
Moderate lesion ICDAS3–4 | ||
656 (88.41) | 47 (6.33) | 39 (5.26) |
Extensive lesion ICDAS5–6 | ||
739 (99.60) | 3 (0.40) | 0 (0.0) |
Stages of Caries and Surfaces | First Permanent Molars Mean ± SD | Total Sample Mean ± SD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Initial lesion ICDAS1–2 | 0.85 ± 1.49 | 1.08 ± 1.43 | <0.01 |
Occlusal | 0.54 ± 0.93 | 0.93 ± 1.31 | 0.01 |
Non-occlusal | 0.31 ± 0.63 | 0.15 ± 0.52 | 0.13 |
Moderate lesion ICDAS3–4 | 0.27 ± 0.88 | 1.21 ± 1.86 | <0.01 |
Occlusal | 0.18 ± 0.56 | 0.67 ± 1.22 | 0.01 |
Non-occlusal | 0.09 ± 0.38 | 0.53 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
Extensive lesion ICDAS5–6 | 0.01 ± 0.11 | 1.57 ± 4.63 | <0.01 |
Occlusal | 0.00 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 1.32 | 0.01 |
Non-occlusal | 0.01 ± 0.05 | 1.09 ± 3.46 | <0.01 |
Variables § | AdjOR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial lesion (ICDAS1–2) | ||||
Municipal District | Second | 1.87 | (1.14–3.04) | 0.012 |
Third | 0.29 | (0.14–0.62) | 0.001 | |
Fifth | 2.07 | (1.30–3.29) | 0.002 | |
Sixth | 0.35 | (0.19–0.66) | 0.001 | |
Seventh | 2.33 | (1.32–4.10) | 0.003 | |
Mother’s working status | Unemployed/Homemaker | 1.51 | (1.03–2.20) | 0.034 |
Deprivation index | Most deprived (3rd- 4th- 5th quintiles) | 1.70 | (1.07–2.68) | 0.024 |
Moderate lesion (ICDAS3–4) | ||||
Father’s education | High-school or above | 0.48 | (0.26–0.86) | 0.013 |
Municipal District | Seventh | 5.26 | (2.74–10.10) | <0.001 |
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Pizzo, G.; Matranga, D.; Maniscalco, L.; Buttacavoli, F.; Campus, G.; Giuliana, G. Caries Severity, Decayed First Permanent Molars and Associated Factors in 6–7 Years Old Schoolchildren Living in Palermo (Southern Italy). J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134343
Pizzo G, Matranga D, Maniscalco L, Buttacavoli F, Campus G, Giuliana G. Caries Severity, Decayed First Permanent Molars and Associated Factors in 6–7 Years Old Schoolchildren Living in Palermo (Southern Italy). Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(13):4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134343
Chicago/Turabian StylePizzo, Giuseppe, Domenica Matranga, Laura Maniscalco, Fortunato Buttacavoli, Guglielmo Campus, and Giovanna Giuliana. 2023. "Caries Severity, Decayed First Permanent Molars and Associated Factors in 6–7 Years Old Schoolchildren Living in Palermo (Southern Italy)" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13: 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134343
APA StylePizzo, G., Matranga, D., Maniscalco, L., Buttacavoli, F., Campus, G., & Giuliana, G. (2023). Caries Severity, Decayed First Permanent Molars and Associated Factors in 6–7 Years Old Schoolchildren Living in Palermo (Southern Italy). Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(13), 4343. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134343