Individualized Prediction of Drug Resistance in People with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Participants, Study Outcome and Predictors
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participants (n = 164) | |
---|---|
Male sex | 107 (65.2) |
Age at stroke onset | 56.9 (14.9) |
Familiar history of seizures | 6 (3.7) |
Hypertension | 112 (68.3) |
Diabetes mellitus | 31 (18.9) |
Dyslipidemia | 63 (38.4) |
Atrial fibrillation | 23 (14.0) |
Coronary heart disease | 30 (18.3) |
Stroke type | |
Cerebral infarct | 105 (64.0) |
Intra-cerebral hemorrhage | 59 (36.0) |
a Stroke severity | |
Mild to moderate | 84 (51.2) |
Severe | 80 (48.8) |
b Acute symptomatic post-stroke seizures | 25 (15.2) |
Status epilepticus at epilepsy onset | 12 (7.3) |
Seizure type | |
Focal onset | 83 (50.6) |
Focal-to-bilateral tonic clonic | 58 (35.4) |
Generalized or unknown onset | 23 (14.0) |
c Epilepsy latency, months | 18 (11–38) |
Drug Responsive (n = 132) | Drug-Resistant (n = 32) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 87 (65.9) | 20 (62.5) | 0.86 (0.39–1.92) | 0.717 |
Age at stroke onset, y, mean (SD) | 58.1 (14.8) | 52.0 (14.5) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.041 |
Intracerebral hemorrhage, n (%) | 41 (31.1) | 18 (56.3) | 2.85 (1.30–6.29) | 0.009 |
Severe stroke, n (%) | 55 (41.7) | 25 (78.1) | 5.00 (2.02–12.38) | 0.001 |
Acute symptomatic post-stroke seizures, n (%) | 18 (13.6) | 7 (21.9) | 1.77 (0.67–4.70) | 0.249 |
Latency of post-stroke epilepsy | ||||
0–6 months, n (%) | 3 (2.3) | 7 (21.9) | 16.02 (3.73–68.78) | <0.001 |
7–12 months, n (%) | 26 (19.7) | 10 (31.2) | 2.64 (1.06–6.55) | 0.036 |
>12 months, n (%) | 103 (78.0) | 15 (46.9) | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Status epilepticus at epilepsy onset, n (%) | 5 (3.8) | 7 (21.9) | 7.11 (2.09–24.21) | 0.002 |
Seizure type | ||||
Focal onset only | 69 (52.3) | 14 (43.8) | 1.00 (reference) | - |
Focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic | 41 (31.1) | 17 (53.1) | 2.04 (0.91–4.58) | 0.082 |
Generalized or unknown onset | 22 (16.7) | 1 (3.1) | 0.22 (0.03–1.80) | 0.160 |
Regression Coefficient (Standard Error) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at stroke onset | −0.061 (0.019) | 0.941 (0.907–0.977) | 0.001 |
Intracerebral hemorrhage | 1.839 (0.596) | 6.292 (1.957–20.233) | 0.002 |
Severe stroke | 1.553 (0.561) | 4.727 (1.573–14.203) | 0.006 |
Latency of post-stroke epilepsy | |||
0–6 months | 4.596 (0.968) | 99.099 (14.873–660.272) | <0.001 |
7–12 months | 1.506 (0.621) | 4.509 (1.335–15.228) | 0.015 |
>12 months | 0 (reference) | 1.000 (reference) | - |
Status epilepticus at epilepsy onset | 2.648 (0.875) | 14.127 (2.540–78.564) | 0.002 |
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Lattanzi, S.; Meletti, S.; Trinka, E.; Brigo, F.; Turcato, G.; Rinaldi, C.; Cagnetti, C.; Foschi, N.; Broggi, S.; Norata, D.; et al. Individualized Prediction of Drug Resistance in People with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113610
Lattanzi S, Meletti S, Trinka E, Brigo F, Turcato G, Rinaldi C, Cagnetti C, Foschi N, Broggi S, Norata D, et al. Individualized Prediction of Drug Resistance in People with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023; 12(11):3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113610
Chicago/Turabian StyleLattanzi, Simona, Stefano Meletti, Eugen Trinka, Francesco Brigo, Gianni Turcato, Claudia Rinaldi, Claudia Cagnetti, Nicoletta Foschi, Serena Broggi, Davide Norata, and et al. 2023. "Individualized Prediction of Drug Resistance in People with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 11: 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113610
APA StyleLattanzi, S., Meletti, S., Trinka, E., Brigo, F., Turcato, G., Rinaldi, C., Cagnetti, C., Foschi, N., Broggi, S., Norata, D., & Silvestrini, M. (2023). Individualized Prediction of Drug Resistance in People with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(11), 3610. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113610