KD Diagnosis Does Not Increase Cardiovascular Risk in Children According to Dynamic Intima–Media Roughness Measurements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Ultrasound Examination
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Baseline Characteristics between Patients and Controls
3.2. Carotid Intima–Media Roughness
3.3. Influence of Coronary Artery Status and Acute Phase Parameters on cIMR
4. Discussion
4.1. Dynamic Carotid Intima–Media Roughness, a Potential Vascular Parameter
4.2. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | KD Patients (n = 44) | n | Controls (n = 36) | p-Value * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 44 | 15 (34.1) | 36 | 14 (38.9) | 0.657 |
Age (years) | 44 | 13.4 (7.5) | 36 | 12.1 (5.3) | 0.372 |
Height (cm) | 44 | 149.3 (24.2) | 36 | 148.4 (22.5) | 0.864 |
Weight (kg) | 44 | 43.5 (21.3) | 36 | 42.2 (18.6) | 0.763 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 44 | 18.2 (3.7) | 36 | 18.1 (3.1) | 0.834 |
Blood pressure | |||||
SBP (mmHg) | 44 | 117.3 (13.6) | 36 | 113.4 (8.2) | 0.117 |
DBP (mmHg) | 44 | 70.9 (10.0) | 36 | 68.2 (8.9) | 0.207 |
MAP (mmHg) | 44 | 92.1 (10.5) | 36 | 89 (7.7) | 0.128 |
HR (1/min) | 44 | 88.5 (12.4) | 36 | 82.9 (12.6) | 0.053 |
Laboratory data | |||||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 38 | 163.6 (31.5) | 24 | 171.2 (30.7) | 0.356 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 38 | 112.5 (65.3) | 24 | 88.5 (35.4) | 0.067 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 26 | 104.7 (25.5) | 24 | 104 (26.2) | 0.925 |
VLDL (mg/dL) | 20 | 16.6 (6.4) | 24 | 13.9 (6.5) | 0.176 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 26 | 50.1 (13.0) | 24 | 53.9 (8.7) | 0.224 |
CAA Status | |||||
Group A | 27 (69.2) | ||||
Group B | 6 (15.4) | ||||
Group C | 6 (15.4) |
cIMR End-Diastolic (mm) | p-Value | cIMR End-Systolic (mm) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kawasaki disease (Yes vs. No) | −0.128 | 0.584 | −0.044 | 0.851 |
n | ||
---|---|---|
Aneurysms (cases, %) | 39 | 12 (30.8%) |
Therapy refractory (>1 times IVIG) (cases, %) | 37 | 14 (37.8%) |
Duration of fever (days) | 33 | 9.70 (5.3) |
Age at disease (months) | 41 | 4.4 (3.2) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30 | 15.3 (1.4) |
CRP (mg/L) | 35 | 115.4 (92.0) |
Thrombocytes (g/L) | 32 | 534.9 (175.6) |
Hb (g/dL) | 34 | 10.2 (1.9) |
Leukocytes (g/L) | 35 | 19.1 (10.9) |
cIMR End-Diastolic (mm) | p-Value | cIMR End-Systolic (mm) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A (vs. healthy) | −0.140 | 0.599 | −0.143 | 0.583 |
Group B (vs. healthy) | −0.403 | 0.391 | 0.293 | 0.524 |
Group C (vs. healthy) | 0.006 | 0.990 | 0.280 | 0.554 |
Group B + C (vs. A) | −0.056 | 0.888 | 0.543 | 0.150 |
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König, M.; Ullmann, T.; Pastor-Villaescusa, B.; Dalla-Pozza, R.; Bohlig, S.; Schmidt-Trucksäss, A.; Pattathu, J.; Haas, N.A.; Jakob, A. KD Diagnosis Does Not Increase Cardiovascular Risk in Children According to Dynamic Intima–Media Roughness Measurements. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051177
König M, Ullmann T, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Dalla-Pozza R, Bohlig S, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Pattathu J, Haas NA, Jakob A. KD Diagnosis Does Not Increase Cardiovascular Risk in Children According to Dynamic Intima–Media Roughness Measurements. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(5):1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051177
Chicago/Turabian StyleKönig, Miriam, Theresa Ullmann, Belén Pastor-Villaescusa, Robert Dalla-Pozza, Sarah Bohlig, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, Joseph Pattathu, Nikolaus A. Haas, and André Jakob. 2022. "KD Diagnosis Does Not Increase Cardiovascular Risk in Children According to Dynamic Intima–Media Roughness Measurements" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5: 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051177
APA StyleKönig, M., Ullmann, T., Pastor-Villaescusa, B., Dalla-Pozza, R., Bohlig, S., Schmidt-Trucksäss, A., Pattathu, J., Haas, N. A., & Jakob, A. (2022). KD Diagnosis Does Not Increase Cardiovascular Risk in Children According to Dynamic Intima–Media Roughness Measurements. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(5), 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051177