A High Dose, Not Low Dose, of Vitamin D Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Saudi Women
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.3. Anthropometric Data
2.4. Biochemical Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Anthropometric Data
3.2. Veil Style and Sun Exposure
3.3. Biochemical Measurements
3.4. Vitamin D, PTH, and Calcium
3.5. Glucose, Insulin, and HOMA-IR
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LDVD (n = 60) | HDVD (n = 60) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Nationality | Arab (Saudi) 100% | Arab (Saudi) 100% | NS |
Age (years) | 33.20 ± 2.56 (20–54) | 26.18 ± 1.62 (18–49) | NS |
Weight (kg) | 70.68 ± 3.55 | 67.37 ± 2.49 | p < 0.05 |
Height (cm) | 156.7 ± 1.23 | 158.1 ± 1.19 | NS |
BMI | 28.57 ± 1.49 | 26.81 ± 1.45 | NS |
Waist circumference (cm) | 85.66 ± 2.99 | 82.51 ± 2.01 | p < 0.05 |
Body fat percentage (BF%) | 32.66 ± 1.72 (14.60–44.70) | 29.36 ± 1.23 (13.50–39.0) | p < 0.05 |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) | 119.1 ± 2.47 | 119.3 ± 2.72 | NS |
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (mmHg) | 73.04 ± 2.04 | 72.32 ± 2.91 | NS |
Heart rate (HR) | 81.61 ± 3.01 | 84.79 ± 2.39 | NS |
Smoking | 0% | 0% | NS |
LDVD-B | LDVD-A | HDVD-B | HDVD-A | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CA (mmol\L) | 2.164 ± 0.02 | 2.23 ± 0.03 | 2.224 ± 0.013 | 2.181 ± 0.02 | NS |
Albumin (g\L) | 36.0 ± 0.77 | 36.26 ± 0.89 | 38.75 ± 0.58 | 38.74 ± 0.64 | p < 0.05 c |
P (mmol\L) | 1.042 ± 0.03 | 1.03 ± 0.0.32 | 1.03 ± 0.03 | 1.05 ± 0.02 | NS |
PTH (pmol\L) | 4.16 ± 0.40 | 4.15 ± 0.35 | 5.03 ± 0.37 | 5.39 ± 0.55 | NS |
MG (mmol\L) | 0.873 ± 0.02 | 0.875 ± 0.02 | 0.853 ± 0.01 | 0.839 ± 0.01 | NS |
TAG (mmol\L) | 0.933 ± 0.12 | 0.923 ± 0.08 | 0.745 ± 0.06 (0.39–1.18) | 0.7175 ± 0.05 (0.3–1.35) | NS |
HDL (mmol\L) | 1.628 ± 0.07 | 1.741 ± 0.08 | 1.665 ± 0.05 | 1.679 ± 0.05 | NS |
LDL (mmol\L | 2.656 ± 0.17 | 2.671 ± 0.17 | 2.503 ± 0.11 | 2.564 ± 0.12 | NS |
Chol (mmol\L) | 4.713 ± 0.21 | 4.579 ± 0.19 | 4.529 ± 0.13 | 4.429 ± 0.12 | NS |
High-sensitivity CRP (mg\L) | 7.859 ± 0.13 | 5.522 ± 0.65 | 5.852 ± 0.83 (3.39–5.69) | 5.71 ± 0.647 (3.21–4.17) | p < 0.05 a,b |
Creatinine (µmol\L) | 56.26 ± 2.02212 | 56.65 ± 2.07 | 52.93 ± 1.553 | 54.52 ± 1.75 | NS |
LDVD (n = 60) | HDVD (n = 60) | |
---|---|---|
Serum Insulin Pearson correlation (r) Significance | −0.083 NS | −0.236 p < 0.05 |
Serum Glucose Pearson correlation(r) Significance | −0.213 NS | −0.421 NS |
HOMA-IR Pearson correlation(r) Significance | −0.134 NS | −0.341 p < 0.05 |
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AlGhamdi, S.; AlHarthi, H.; Khoja, S.; AlJefri, A.; AlShaibi, H.F. A High Dose, Not Low Dose, of Vitamin D Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Saudi Women. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 6577. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216577
AlGhamdi S, AlHarthi H, Khoja S, AlJefri A, AlShaibi HF. A High Dose, Not Low Dose, of Vitamin D Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Saudi Women. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(21):6577. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216577
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlGhamdi, Shareefa, Hanan AlHarthi, Sawsan Khoja, Amin AlJefri, and Huda F. AlShaibi. 2022. "A High Dose, Not Low Dose, of Vitamin D Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Saudi Women" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21: 6577. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216577