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Communication

Obsessive Compulsive “Paper Handling”: A Potential Distinctive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with KBG Syndrome

by
Francesco Demaria
1,*,†,
Paolo Alfieri
1,†,
Maria Cristina Digilio
2,
Maria Pontillo
1,
Cristina Di Vincenzo
1,
Federica Alice Maria Montanaro
1,
Valentina Ciullo
3,
Giuseppe Zampino
4 and
Stefano Vicari
1,5
1
Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
2
Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
3
IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, 00179 Rome, Italy
4
Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
5
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4687; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164687
Submission received: 31 May 2022 / Revised: 8 August 2022 / Accepted: 9 August 2022 / Published: 11 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Update on Research and Clinical Management)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

KBG syndrome (KBGS; OMIM #148050) is a rare disease characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism, macrodontia of the upper central incisors, skeletal anomalies, and neurodevelopmental disorder/intellectual disability. It is caused by a heterozygous variant or 16q24.3 microdeletions of the ANKRD11 gene (OMIM #611192), which plays a primary role in neuronal development. KBGS traits are variable, and mild expressions of the phenotype may complicate diagnosis. The present work aims at improving the characterization of KBGS in order to facilitate its recognition. A psychopathological evaluation of 17 subjects affected by KBGS found that 10 patients exhibited peculiar behavior related to “paper handling”. These children and adolescents performed repetitive activities with paper, reminiscent of the hoarding and ordering behaviors characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder. Their activities were time consuming and carried out in solitary, and forced interruption could generate intense emotional reactions. Paper handling may thus be understood as a potential distinct KBGS symptom akin to an obsessive compulsive symptom. Further research is needed to verify this claim.
Keywords: KBG syndrome; obsessive compulsive disorder/behavior; paper handling KBG syndrome; obsessive compulsive disorder/behavior; paper handling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Demaria, F.; Alfieri, P.; Digilio, M.C.; Pontillo, M.; Di Vincenzo, C.; Montanaro, F.A.M.; Ciullo, V.; Zampino, G.; Vicari, S. Obsessive Compulsive “Paper Handling”: A Potential Distinctive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with KBG Syndrome. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 4687. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164687

AMA Style

Demaria F, Alfieri P, Digilio MC, Pontillo M, Di Vincenzo C, Montanaro FAM, Ciullo V, Zampino G, Vicari S. Obsessive Compulsive “Paper Handling”: A Potential Distinctive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with KBG Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(16):4687. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164687

Chicago/Turabian Style

Demaria, Francesco, Paolo Alfieri, Maria Cristina Digilio, Maria Pontillo, Cristina Di Vincenzo, Federica Alice Maria Montanaro, Valentina Ciullo, Giuseppe Zampino, and Stefano Vicari. 2022. "Obsessive Compulsive “Paper Handling”: A Potential Distinctive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with KBG Syndrome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 16: 4687. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164687

APA Style

Demaria, F., Alfieri, P., Digilio, M. C., Pontillo, M., Di Vincenzo, C., Montanaro, F. A. M., Ciullo, V., Zampino, G., & Vicari, S. (2022). Obsessive Compulsive “Paper Handling”: A Potential Distinctive Behavior in Children and Adolescents with KBG Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(16), 4687. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164687

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