Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: Implications on Pregnancy and Outcome
1
Department of Obstetrics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
2
Endometriosis Centre Charité, Department of Gynecology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Dan C. Martin
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(1), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010157
Received: 11 November 2021
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Revised: 16 December 2021
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Accepted: 24 December 2021
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Published: 29 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endometriosis: Current Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment)
Endometriosis (EM), especially deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and adenomyosis (AM), are known to cause pain and sterility in young women. More recently, they have also been described as risk factors for obstetric complications. While the pathophysiology is not yet completely understood, they seem to share a common origin: archimetrosis. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the existing evidence on DIE and AM as risk factors for obstetric complications. Results: Preterm birth, caesarean section delivery (CS) and placental abnormalities are associated with the diagnosis of DIE and AM. Women with AM seem to experience more often hypertensive pregnancy disorders, premature rupture of membranes and their children are born with lower birth weights than in the control groups. However, many of the studies tried to evaluate AM, EM and DIE as separate risk factors. Moreover, often they did not adjust for important confounders such as multiple pregnancies, parity, mode of conception and maternal age. Therefore, prospective studies with larger numbers of cases and appropriate adjustment for confounders are needed to explore the pathophysiology and to prove causality.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gruber, T.M.; Ortlieb, L.; Henrich, W.; Mechsner, S. Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: Implications on Pregnancy and Outcome. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010157
AMA Style
Gruber TM, Ortlieb L, Henrich W, Mechsner S. Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: Implications on Pregnancy and Outcome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(1):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010157
Chicago/Turabian StyleGruber, Teresa Mira, Laura Ortlieb, Wolfgang Henrich, and Sylvia Mechsner. 2022. "Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis and Adenomyosis: Implications on Pregnancy and Outcome" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 1: 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010157
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