Calcium Channel Blockers Are Associated with Nocturia in Men Aged 40 Years or Older
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. IPSS and Nocturia
2.3. Medications
2.4. Measurement of BP and Variation between Daytime and Morning BP
2.5. Covariates
2.6. Endpoints
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Association of Nocturia with BP and AHTs
3.3. Association of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms with AHTs
3.4. Correlations between Nocturia and Other Covariates
3.5. Factors Associated with Clinically Important Nocturia in Multivariate Analysis
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n | % | |
---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 69.4 | (7.60) |
40–65 | 102 | (24) |
66–75 | 237 | (57) |
76 or more | 79 | (19) |
Diseases for hospitalization | ||
Prostate cancer | 250 | (60) |
Prostate cancer suspected | 86 | (21) |
Renal cell carcinoma | 30 | (7) |
Bladder tumor | 20 | (5) |
Renal pelvic/ureteral Ca | 17 | (4) |
Others | 12 | (3) |
Taking AHTs | 240 | (57) |
Daytime elevated BP | 113 | (27) |
DM | 100 | (24) |
Taking hypoglycemic agent | 61 | (15) |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.3 | (3.22) |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 71.5 | (16.5) |
Glycated hemoglobin, %, mean (SD) | 5.97 | (0.695) |
IPSS | 40–65 Years (n = 102) | 66–75 Years (n = 237) | ≥76 Years (n = 79) | Total (n = 418) |
---|---|---|---|---|
IPSS total, mean ± SD | 6.87 ± 5.96 | 8.69 ± 7.38 | 8.62 ± 6.27 | 8.23 ± 6.88 |
0–7 | 64% | 57% | 53% | 58% |
8–19 | 32% | 34% | 39% | 35% |
20–35 | 4% | 10% | 8% | 8% |
IPSS item 7 (Nocturia), mean ± SD | 1.28 ± 1.12 | 1.54 ± 1.09 | 2.08 ± 1.04 | 1.58 ± 1.11 |
IPSS-QOL, mean ± SD | 2.69 ± 1.57 | 2.83 ± 1.57 | 3.36 ± 1.61 | 2.89 ± 1.59 |
Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p Value | OR | (95% CI) | p Value | ||
Age | years | 1.07 | (1.04–1.10) | <0.0001 | 1.06 | (1.03–1.10) | <0.0001 |
BMI | kg/m2 | 1.04 | (0.90–1.19) | 0.632 | (-) | ||
Daytime elevated BP | mmHg | 0.97 | (0.63–1.50) | 0.889 | (-) | ||
Morning elevated BP | mmHg | 0.93 | (0.61–1.43) | 0.932 | (-) | ||
Glycated Hb | % | 1.02 | (0.80–1.29) | 0.885 | (-) | ||
eGFR | mL/min/ 1.73 m2 | 0.99 | (0.98–1.00) | 0.048 | 1.00 | (0.98–1.01) | 0.741 |
Sum of IPSS item 1–6 | 1.05 | (1.01–1.07) | 0.006 | 1.05 | (1.02–1.09) | <0.0001 | |
AHTs | CCB | 2.80 | (1.88–4.18) | <0.0001 | 2.68 | (1.69–4.26) | <0.0001 |
ARB | 1.48 | (0.99–2.22) | 0.059 | 0.89 | (0.54–1.46) | 0.638 | |
ACE-I | 0.72 | (0.34–1.51) | 0.385 | 1.05 | (0.46–2.37) | 0.916 | |
β-blocker | 2.17 | (1.00–4.68) | 0.048 | 2.15 | (0.94–4.90) | 0.069 | |
α-blocker | 1.86 | (0.87–3.98) | 0.107 | 1.59 | (0.68–3.72) | 0.282 | |
Thiazide | 1.49 | (0.60–3.67) | 0.388 | 0.84 | (0.31–2.26) | 0.725 |
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Washino, S.; Ugata, Y.; Saito, K.; Miyagawa, T. Calcium Channel Blockers Are Associated with Nocturia in Men Aged 40 Years or Older. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 1603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081603
Washino S, Ugata Y, Saito K, Miyagawa T. Calcium Channel Blockers Are Associated with Nocturia in Men Aged 40 Years or Older. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(8):1603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081603
Chicago/Turabian StyleWashino, Satoshi, Yusuke Ugata, Kimitoshi Saito, and Tomoaki Miyagawa. 2021. "Calcium Channel Blockers Are Associated with Nocturia in Men Aged 40 Years or Older" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8: 1603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081603
APA StyleWashino, S., Ugata, Y., Saito, K., & Miyagawa, T. (2021). Calcium Channel Blockers Are Associated with Nocturia in Men Aged 40 Years or Older. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(8), 1603. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081603