The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Definition and Epidemiology
2.2. Etiopathogenetic Models
- That textured implants involve capsules characterized by a predominant T-cell CD3, CD4, CD29 and CD45RO receptor positive; and
- This kind of implant and capsule were associated with the evidence of silicone-laden macrophages that lead to further T-cell chemiotaxis [41].
2.3. The Biofilm Role in Breast Implants
2.4. The Friction Role
2.5. The Role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs)
2.6. What Happens in Breast Implants?
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- DeCoster, R.C.; Clemens, M.W.; Di Napoli, A.; Lynch, E.B.; Bonaroti, A.R.; Rinker, B.D.; Butterfield, T.A.; Vasconez, H.C. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2021, 147, 30e–41e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keech, J.A., Jr.; Creech, B.J. Anaplastic T-cell lymphoma in proximity to a saline-filled breast implant. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1997, 100, 554–555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Perry, L.; Radzevich, J.; Kelter, D.; Gott, M.; Slotman, G.; Kulkarni, N.; Gundlapalli, V. Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Am. Surg. 2020, 152, 1161–1168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Srinivasa, D.R.; Miranda, R.N.; Kaura, A.; Francis, A.M.; Campanale, A.; Boldrini, R.; Alexander, J.; Deva, A.K.; Gravina, P.R.; Medeiros, L.J.; et al. Global Adverse Event Reports of Breast Implant-Associated ALCL: An International Review of 40 Government Authority Databases. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 139, 1029–1039. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Danino, A.M.; Basmacioglu, P.; Saito, S.; Rocher, F.; Blanchet-Bardon, C.; Revol, M.; Servant, J.M. Comparison of the capsular response to the Biocell RTV and Mentor 1600 Siltex breast implant surface texturing: A scanning electron microscopic study. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2001, 108, 2047–2052. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maxwell, G.P.; Gabriel, A. Breast implant design. Gland Surg. 2017, 6, 148–153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cuomo, R. Submuscular and Pre-Pectoral ADM Assisted Immediate Breast Reconstruction: A Literature Review. Medicina 2020, 56, 256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sisti, A.; Grimaldi, L.; Tassinari, J.; Cuomo, R.; Fortezza, L.; Bocchiotti, M.A.; Roviello, F.; D’Aniello, C.; Nisi, G. Nipple-areola complex reconstruction techniques: A literature review. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016, 42, 441–465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Adrada, B.E.; Miranda, R.N.; Rauch, G.M.; Arribas, E.; Kanagal-Shamanna, R.; Clemens, M.W.; Fanale, M.; Haideri, N.; Mustafa, E.; Larrinaga, J.; et al. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Sensitivity, specificity, and findings of imaging studies in 44 patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2014, 147, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Loghavi, S.; Medeiros, L.J.; Javadi, S.; Lin, P.; Khoury, J.D.; Nastoupil, L.; Hunt, K.K.; Clemens, M.W.; Miranda, R.N. Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma With Bone Marrow Involvement. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2018, 38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miranda, R.N.; Aladily, T.N.; Prince, H.M.; Kanagal-Shamanna, R.; de Jong, D.; Fayad, L.E.; Amin, M.B.; Haideri, N.; Bhagat, G.; Brooks, G.S.; et al. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: Long-term follow-up of 60 patients. J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 32, 114–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tevis, S.E.; Hunt, K.K.; Miranda, R.N.; Lange, C.; Butler, C.E.; Clemens, M.W. Differences in Human Leukocyte Antigen Expression Between Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Patients and the General Population. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2019, 39, 1065–1070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Swerdlow, S.H.; Campo, E.; Pileri, S.A.; Harris, N.L.; Stein, H.; Siebert, R.; Advani, R.; Ghielmini, M.; Salles, G.A.; Zelenetz, A.D.; et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood 2016, 127, 2375–2390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Sieber, D.A.; Adams, W.P., Jr. What’s Your Micromort? A Patient-Oriented Analysis of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Aesthet. Surg. J. 2017, 37, 887–891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Blombery, P.; Thompson, E.; Ryland, G.L.; Joyce, R.; Byrne, D.J.; Khoo, C.; Lade, S.; Hertzberg, M.; Hapgood, G.; Marlton, P.; et al. Frequent activating STAT3 mutations and novel recurrent genomic abnormalities detected in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018, 9, 36126–36136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Blombery, P.; Thompson, E.R.; Prince, H.M. Molecular Drivers of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 143, 59S–64S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cuomo, R.; Zerini, I.; Botteri, G.; Barberi, L.; Nisi, G.; D’Aniello, C. Postsurgical pain related to breast implant: Reduction with lipofilling procedure. In Vivo 2014, 28, 993–996. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- D’Aniello, C.; Cuomo, R.; Grimaldi, L.; Brandi, C.; Sisti, A.; Tassinari, J.; Nisi, G. Superior Pedicle Mammaplasty without Parenchymal Incisions after Massive Weight Loss. J. Investig. Surg. 2017, 30, 410–420. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierazzi, D.M.; Cuomo, R.; Nisi, G.; Grimaldi, L. A Simple Way to Reduce Surgical-Site Infections in Body Contouring Surgery. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 143, 891e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clemens, M.W.; Horwitz, S.M. NCCN Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2017, 37, 285–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, Y.; Feldman, A.L. Genetics of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma 2016, 57, 21–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Groth, A.K.; Graf, R. Correction to: Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) and the Textured Breast Implant Crisis. Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 2020, 44, 1951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di Napoli, A.; De Cecco, L.; Piccaluga, P.P.; Navari, M.; Cancila, V.; Cippitelli, C.; Pepe, G.; Lopez, G.; Monardo, F.; Bianchi, A.; et al. Transcriptional analysis distinguishes breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma from other peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Mod. Pathol. 2019, 32, 216–230. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Doren, E.L.; Miranda, R.N.; Selber, J.C.; Garvey, P.B.; Liu, J.; Medeiros, L.J.; Butler, C.E.; Clemens, M.W. U.S. Epidemiology of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 139, 1042–1050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Loch-Wilkinson, A.; Beath, K.J.; Knight, R.J.W.; Wessels, W.L.F.; Magnusson, M.; Papadopoulos, T.; Connell, T.; Lofts, J.; Locke, M.; Hopper, I.; et al. Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Australia and New Zealand: High-Surface-Area Textured Implants Are Associated with Increased Risk. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 140, 645–654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Loch-Wilkinson, A.; Beath, K.J.; Magnusson, M.R.; Cooter, R.; Shaw, K.; French, J.; Vickery, K.; Prince, H.M.; Deva, A.K. Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Australia: A Longitudinal Study of Implant and Other Related Risk Factors. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2020, 40, 838–846. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Santanelli di Pompeo, F.; Sorotos, M.; Clemens, M.W.; Firmani, G. Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): Review of epidemiology and prevalence assessment in Europe. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hakelius, L.; Ohlsen, L. Tendency to capsular contracture around smooth and textured gel-filled silicone mammary implants: A five-year follow-up. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1997, 100, 1566–1569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Atlan, M.; Nuti, G.; Wang, H.; Decker, S.; Perry, T. Breast implant surface texture impacts host tissue response. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2018, 88, 377–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barnsley, G.P.; Sigurdson, L.J.; Barnsley, S.E. Textured surface breast implants in the prevention of capsular contracture among breast augmentation patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2006, 117, 2182–2190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barr, S.; Hill, E.; Bayat, A. Current implant surface technology: An examination of their nanostructure and their influence on fibroblast alignment and biocompatibility. Eplasty 2009, 9, e22. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Brohim, R.M.; Foresman, P.A.; Hildebrandt, P.K.; Rodeheaver, G.T. Early tissue reaction to textured breast implant surfaces. Ann. Plast. Surg. 1992, 28, 354–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chang, E.I.; Hammond, D.C. Clinical Results on Innovation in Breast Implant Design. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2018, 142, 31S–38S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Clugston, P.A.; Perry, L.C.; Hammond, D.C.; Maxwell, G.P. A rat model for capsular contracture: The effects of surface texturing. Ann. Plast. Surg. 1994, 33, 595–599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Danino, A.; Rocher, F.; Blanchet-Bardon, C.; Revol, M.; Servant, J.M. A scanning electron microscopy study of the surface of porous-textured breast implants and their capsules. Description of the “Velcro” effect of porous-textured breast prostheses. Ann. Chir. Plast. Esthet. 2001, 46, 23–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Derby, B.M.; Codner, M.A. Textured silicone breast implant use in primary augmentation: Core data update and review. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2015, 135, 113–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harvey, A.G.; Hill, E.W.; Bayat, A. Designing implant surface topography for improved biocompatibility. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 2013, 10, 257–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Headon, H.; Kasem, A.; Mokbel, K. Capsular Contracture after Breast Augmentation: An Update for Clinical Practice. Arch. Plast. Surg. 2015, 42, 532–543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Minami, E.; Koh, I.H.J.; Ferreira, J.C.R.; Waitzberg, A.F.L.; Chifferi, V.; Rosewick, T.F.; Pereira, M.D.; Saldiva, P.H.N.; de Figueiredo, L.F.P. The composition and behavior of capsules around smooth and textured breast implants in pigs. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2006, 118, 874–884. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Valencia-Lazcano, A.A.; Alonso-Rasgado, T.; Bayat, A. Characterisation of breast implant surfaces and correlation with fibroblast adhesion. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 2013, 21, 133–148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Katzin, W.E.; Feng, L.J.; Abbuhl, M.; Klein, M.A. Phenotype of lymphocytes associated with the inflammatory reaction to silicone gel breast implants. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1996, 3, 156–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wolfram, D.; Rabensteiner, E.; Grundtman, C.; Bock, G.; Mayerl, C.; Parson, W.; Almanzar, G.; Hasenohrl, C.; Piza-Katzer, H.; Wick, G. T regulatory cells and TH17 cells in peri-silicone implant capsular fibrosis. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2012, 129, 327e–337e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolfram, D.; Rainer, C.; Niederegger, H.; Piza, H.; Wick, G. Cellular and molecular composition of fibrous capsules formed around silicone breast implants with special focus on local immune reactions. J. Autoimmun. 2004, 23, 81–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di Napoli, A.; Jain, P.; Duranti, E.; Margolskee, E.; Arancio, W.; Facchetti, F.; Alobeid, B.; Santanelli di Pompeo, F.; Mansukhani, M.; Bhagat, G. Targeted next generation sequencing of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma reveals mutations in JAK/STAT signalling pathway genes, TP53 and DNMT3A. Br. J. Haematol. 2018, 180, 741–744. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kuehlmann, B.; Prantl, L. Breast implants and possible association with ALCL: A retrospective study including a histological analysis of 296 explanted breast tissues and current literature. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2016, 63, 439–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Prantl, L.; Gerken, M.; Zeman, F.; Leitzmann, M.; Koller, M.; Klinkhammer-Schalke, M.; Evert, M.; Kuehlmann, B.; Biermann, N. Incidence of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Breast-Implant-Associated Lymphoma-An Analysis of a Certified Tumor Registry over 17 Years. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Calobrace, M.B.; Schwartz, M.R.; Zeidler, K.R.; Pittman, T.A.; Cohen, R.; Stevens, W.G. Long-Term Safety of Textured and Smooth Breast Implants. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2017, 38, 38–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Adams, W.P., Jr. Discussion: Bacterial Biofilm Infection Detected in Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2016, 137, 1670–1672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hu, H.; Johani, K.; Almatroudi, A.; Vickery, K.; Van Natta, B.; Kadin, M.E.; Brody, G.; Clemens, M.; Cheah, C.Y.; Lade, S.; et al. Bacterial Biofilm Infection Detected in Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2016, 137, 1659–1669. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cuomo, R.; Nisi, G.; Brandi, C.; Giardino, F.R.; Grimaldi, L. Future Directions to Limit Surgical Site Infections. J. Investig. Surg. 2020, 33, 759–761. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cuomo, R.; Nisi, G.; Brandi, C.; Grimaldi, L. Surgical Implications of Ischemia Reperfusion Damage and Future Perspectives. J. Investig. Surg. 2019, 118–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Collett, D.J.; Rakhorst, H.; Lennox, P.; Magnusson, M.; Cooter, R.; Deva, A.K. Current Risk Estimate of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Textured Breast Implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 143, 30S–40S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deva, A.K. Reply: The Functional Influence of Breast Implant Outer Shell Morphology on Bacterial Attachment and Growth. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 144, 930e–931e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deva, A.K.; Adams, W.P., Jr.; Vickery, K. The role of bacterial biofilms in device-associated infection. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2013, 132, 1319–1328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hu, H.; Jacombs, A.; Vickery, K.; Merten, S.L.; Pennington, D.G.; Deva, A.K. Chronic biofilm infection in breast implants is associated with an increased T-cell lymphocytic infiltrate: Implications for breast implant-associated lymphoma. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2015, 135, 319–329. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jones, P.; Mempin, M.; Hu, H.; Chowdhury, D.; Foley, M.; Cooter, R.; Adams, W.P., Jr.; Vickery, K.; Deva, A.K. The Functional Influence of Breast Implant Outer Shell Morphology on Bacterial Attachment and Growth. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2018, 142, 837–849. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Munhoz, A.M. The Functional Influence of Breast Implant Outer Shell Morphology on Bacterial Attachment and Growth. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 144, 143e–144e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sheena, Y.; Smith, S.; Dua, S.; Morgan, M.; Ramakrishnan, V. Current Risk Estimate of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Textured Breast Implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2020, 145, 446e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Adams, W.P., Jr. Capsular contracture: What is it? What causes it? How can it be prevented and managed? Clin. Plast. Surg. 2009, 36, 119–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Deva, A.K.; Turner, S.D.; Kadin, M.E.; Magnusson, M.R.; Prince, H.M.; Miranda, R.N.; Inghirami, G.G.; Adams, W.P., Jr. Etiology of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): Current Directions in Research. Cancers 2020, 12, 3961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pajkos, A.; Deva, A.K.; Vickery, K.; Cope, C.; Chang, L.; Cossart, Y.E. Detection of subclinical infection in significant breast implant capsules. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2003, 111, 1605–1611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rieger, U.M.; Mesina, J.; Kalbermatten, D.F.; Haug, M.; Frey, H.P.; Pico, R.; Frei, R.; Pierer, G.; Luscher, N.J.; Trampuz, A. Bacterial biofilms and capsular contracture in patients with breast implants. Br. J. Surg. 2013, 100, 768–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Adams, W.P., Jr.; Rios, J.L.; Smith, S.J. Enhancing patient outcomes in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery using triple antibiotic breast irrigation: Six-year prospective clinical study. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2006, 118, 46S–52S. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Disa, J.J. Discussion: Risk Factor Analysis for Capsular Contracture, Malposition, and Late Seroma in Subjects Receiving Natrelle 410 Form-Stable Silicone Breast Implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 139, 10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McGuire, P. Reply: Risk Factor Analysis for Capsular Contracture, Malposition, and Late Seroma in Subjects Receiving Natrelle 410 Form-Stable Silicone Breast Implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 140, 500e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McGuire, P.; Reisman, N.R.; Murphy, D.K. Risk Factor Analysis for Capsular Contracture, Malposition, and Late Seroma in Subjects Receiving Natrelle 410 Form-Stable Silicone Breast Implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 139, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Quinlan, C.S.; Lynham, R.; Kelly, J.L. Risk Factor Analysis for Capsular Contracture, Malposition, and Late Seroma in Subjects Receiving Natrelle 410 Form-Stable Silicone Breast Implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2017, 140, 499e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Biggs, T.; Siri, G. The Functional Influence of Breast Implant Outer Shell Morphology on Bacterial Attachment and Growth. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 144, 929e–930e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deva, A.K. Reply: The Functional Influence of Breast Implant Outer Shell Morphology on Bacterial Attachment and Growth. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2019, 144, 144e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lewold, S.; Olsson, H.; Gustafson, P.; Rydholm, A.; Lidgren, L. Overall cancer incidence not increased after prosthetic knee replacement: 14,551 patients followed for 66,622 person-years. Int. J. Cancer 1996, 68, 30–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lidgren, L. Chronic inflammation, joint replacement and malignant lymphoma. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. 2008, 90, 7–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cuomo, R.; Giardino, F.R.; Neri, A.; Nisi, G.; Brandi, C.; Zerini, I.; Han, J.; Grimaldi, L. Optimization of Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction. Breast Care 2020. Ahead of Print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yoon, H.J.; Choe, J.Y.; Jeon, Y.K. Mucosal CD30-Positive T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder Arising in the Oral Cavity Following Dental Implants: Report of the First Case. Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 2015, 23, 656–661. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Manikkam Umakanthan, J.; McBride, C.L.; Greiner, T.; Yuan, J.; Sanmann, J.; Bierman, P.J.; Lunning, M.A.; Bociek, R.G. Bariatric Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma. J. Oncol. Pr. 2017, 13, 838–839. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Engberg, A.K.; Bunick, C.G.; Subtil, A.; Ko, C.J.; Girardi, M. Development of a plaque infiltrated with large CD30+ T cells over a silicone-containing device in a patient with history of Sezary syndrome. J. Clin. Oncol. 2013, 31, e87–e89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shauly, O.; Gould, D.J.; Siddiqi, I.; Patel, K.M.; Carey, J. The First Reported Case of Gluteal Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL). Aesthet. Surg. J. 2019, 39, NP253–NP258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hallab, N.J.; Samelko, L.; Hammond, D. The Inflammatory Effects of Breast Implant Particulate Shedding: Comparison with Orthopedic Implants. Aesthet. Surg. J. 2019, 39, S36–S48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Efanov, J.I.; Giot, J.P.; Fernandez, J.; Danino, M.A. Breast-implant texturing associated with delamination of capsular layers: A histological analysis of the double capsule phenomenon. Ann. Chir. Plast. Esthet. 2017, 62, 196–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Calderan, L.; Panettiere, P.; Accorsi, D.; Marchi, A.; Bernardi, P.; Benati, D.; Conti, G.; Chirumbolo, S.; Zingaretti, N.; Parodi, P.C.; et al. Ultrastructural features of the double capsulated connective tissue around silicone prostheses. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giot, J.P.; Paek, L.S.; Nizard, N.; El-Diwany, M.; Gaboury, L.A.; Nelea, M.; Bou-Merhi, J.S.; Harris, P.G.; Danino, M.A. The double capsules in macro-textured breast implants. Biomaterials 2015, 67, 65–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozkan, J.; Mandathara, P.; Krishna, P.; Sankaridurg, P.; Naduvilath, T.; Willcox, M.D.; Holden, B. Risk factors for corneal inflammatory and mechanical events with extended wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2010, 87, 847–853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Skotnitsky, C.C.; Naduvilath, T.J.; Sweeney, D.F.; Sankaridurg, P.R. Two presentations of contact lens-induced papillary conjunctivitis (CLPC) in hydrogel lens wear: Local and general. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2006, 83, 27–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Szczotka-Flynn, L.; Lass, J.H.; Sethi, A.; Debanne, S.; Benetz, B.A.; Albright, M.; Gillespie, B.; Kuo, J.; Jacobs, M.R.; Rimm, A. Risk factors for corneal infiltrative events during continuous wear of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51, 5421–5430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Tagliaferri, A.; Love, T.E.; Szczotka-Flynn, L.B. Risk factors for contact lens-induced papillary conjunctivitis associated with silicone hydrogel contact lens wear. Eye Contact Lens 2014, 40, 117–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bachour, Y.; Ritt, M.; Heijmans, R.; Niessen, F.B.; Verweij, S.P. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Expression in Contracted Capsules Compared to Uncontracted Capsules. Aesthet. Plast. Surg. 2019, 43, 910–917. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chen, K.; Huang, J.; Gong, W.; Iribarren, P.; Dunlop, N.M.; Wang, J.M. Toll-like receptors in inflammation, infection and cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2007, 7, 1271–1285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dobke, M.K.; Svahn, J.K.; Vastine, V.L.; Landon, B.N.; Stein, P.C.; Parsons, C.L. Characterization of microbial presence at the surface of silicone mammary implants. Ann. Plast. Surg. 1995, 34, 563–569, Disscusion 570–561. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Domanskis, E.; Owsley, J.Q., Jr. Histological investigation of the etiology of capsule contracture following augmentation mammaplasty. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1976, 58, 689–693. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Granchi, D.; Cavedagna, D.; Ciapetti, G.; Stea, S.; Schiavon, P.; Giuliani, R.; Pizzoferrato, A. Silicone breast implants: The role of immune system on capsular contracture formation. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1995, 29, 197–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hameed, M.R.; Erlandson, R.; Rosen, P.P. Capsular synovial-like hyperplasia around mammary implants similar to detritic synovitis. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 15 cases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1995, 19, 433–438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kamel, M.; Protzner, K.; Fornasier, V.; Peters, W.; Smith, D.; Ibanez, D. The peri-implant breast capsule: An immunophenotypic study of capsules taken at explantation surgery. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2001, 58, 88–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kyle, D.J.; Harvey, A.G.; Shih, B.; Tan, K.T.; Chaudhry, I.H.; Bayat, A. Identification of molecular phenotypic descriptors of breast capsular contracture formation using informatics analysis of the whole genome transcriptome. Wound Repair Regen. 2013, 21, 762–769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Prantl, L.; Angele, P.; Schreml, S.; Ulrich, D.; Poppl, N.; Eisenmann-Klein, M. Determination of serum fibrosis indexes in patients with capsular contracture after augmentation with smooth silicone gel implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2006, 118, 224–229. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Prantl, L.; Schreml, S.; Fichtner-Feigl, S.; Poppl, N.; Eisenmann-Klein, M.; Schwarze, H.; Fuchtmeier, B. Clinical and morphological conditions in capsular contracture formed around silicone breast implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2007, 120, 275–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Segreto, F.; Carotti, S.; Marangi, G.F.; Tosi, D.; Morini, S.; Persichetti, P. Reply: Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Human Breast Implant Capsules: Localization and Correlation with Estrogen Receptors. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2016, 138, 758e–759e. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Segreto, F.; Carotti, S.; Tosi, D.; Pendolino, A.L.; Marangi, G.F.; Morini, S.; Persichetti, P. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Human Breast Implant Capsules: Localization and Correlation with Estrogen Receptors. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2016, 137, 792–798. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Cuomo, R. The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2082. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102082
Cuomo R. The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(10):2082. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102082
Chicago/Turabian StyleCuomo, Roberto. 2021. "The State of the Art about Etiopathogenetic Models on Breast Implant Associated–Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Narrative Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10: 2082. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102082